Theory paper for sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypothesis paper for human science - Essay Example Along these lines, family goes about as an incorporating system. Also, family makes social request. Along these lines family goes about as a unit of steadiness for the general public to work in general. Talcott Parsons makes this idea a stride further by clarifying two fundamental elements of family. These capacities disclose to us the manner in which the family carries on and reveals to us the conduct of the people in the family. The main fundamental capacity of the family is the essential socialization of the youthful. Parsons (1951) contends that families resemble plants creating human characters and personalities. It is the family alone that gives the security and passionate covering to the person at an early age. A case of such conduct is the dedicating of the youngster or when they praise birthday celebrations. The kid discovers that society resembles a human creature where torments and joy is shared. The family is a smaller than usual society and carries on likewise. The other capacity of family referenced by Parsons is the adjustment of grown-up characters. As indicated by him through the sexual division of work family keeps up grown-up characters and settles them. The man has the instrumental job of a provider and the female includes an expressive job inside the family.

Bachelor of Early Childhood Studies for Piaget- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theBachelor of Early Childhood Studies for Piaget. Answer: Piaget (how kids gain information through play) The four phase hypothesis of Jean Piagets shows the path through which youngsters get information through playing. This is one of the most fundamentally condemned physiological speculations everything being equal. The hypothesis on how kids develop information confronted numerous difficulties. Likewise a considerable lot of them are totally supported. Because of his great vision the hypothesis is fitting to adjust this arrangement on more than 10 essential youngster brain research concentrates alongside crafted by notable Swiss formative therapists Jean Piaget (Trevarthen et al., 2016). His hypothesis suggests that, the astuteness of a human creates with the assistance of digestion, play and convenience. In the present field of innovation the developing job of training framework effectively bolsters the comprehension of the youngsters. The idea of the innovation experiences the need that assists with supporting the kids to expand their advantages. ICT in play area might be iPods, mobile phones, MP3 players and PC are utilized to permit access to pictures, Video cameras and additionally games moreover. There are numerous ICT games accessible for the youngsters, for example, Super Mario, puzzle, sketchpad, irate feathered creature and so forth which causes them to investigate their insight level. With the assistance of these ICT advancements the youngsters can secure significant level information. The stages referenced in this hypothesis incorporate sensorimotor, pre operational, solid activity and formal activity. While involving ICT and youngsters play it has been discovered that, PC games help them to turn out to be progressively acquainted with innovation. Vygotsky (how youngsters learn through play in a social setting) This hypothesis mirrors that kids assume dynamic jobs in the social and verifiable hypothesis of human culture. So as to refine and test the essential acts of schooldays the kids nature are dissected by Lev Vygotsky (Hamari Nousiainen, 2015). This hypothesis infers that even without the assistance of the grown-ups, the kids can arrive at their ideal goal just gaining from the general public. This implies subsequent to playing various games in the adolescence, the youngsters can take in new aptitudes and thoughts from the general public. With the assistance of new learning abilities and thoughts with no help the kids can arrive at most elevated pinnacle of accomplishment. In current days kids are likewise broadly utilizing innovation in their every day lives. ICT advancement in the youth gives great practices that are useful to help the youngsters improvement and learning. So as to settle on these decisions the experts should be a lot of acquainted with various devices. With the use of PC games and web based games the youngsters can gain so much from the social setting. Freud (how kids learn self-guideline through play) This is simply the hypothesis of how the kids learn self guideline through playing. The hypothesis created by Sigmund Freud, expresses that playing is the way that assists with communicating all the socially inadmissible practices (Moore, 2017). Play additionally encourages a kid to remove their undesired sentiments and all the activities through a much worthy heading. The feeling of control of the kids diminishes nervousness and furthermore assists with communicating all their illegal sentiments. Traditional games as well as cutting edge PC gaming causes kids to get feeling of command over various occasions. In the youth youngsters can increase self guideline power through play. ICT assumes successful job in the youth days. Youth instruction and play both incorporate numerous equipment and programming as their innovation. Play can advance theoretical thoughts through making detachment between the destinations and activities. Utilizing both the activity and articles kids can viably reach even past the standard advancement in discernment and self guideline. This as well as from ICT setting, youngsters likewise acquire mental portrayals on social jobs and about the guidelines of society for self guideline. Bateson (how kids figure out how to impart through play) The hypothesis created by Gregory Bateson infers the route through which the kids learn correspondence through playing. It is centered around the content that the kids follow while playing any game. Correspondence mirrors the capacity of the youngster and furthermore their capacity to gain some new useful knowledge (Siegler, 2016). The correspondence approach shared among the youngsters is named as Meta correspondence aptitude. In the wake of considering the ICT angle it very well may be said that, for any youngster correspondence is a significant device that must be utilized to share considerations and thoughts. ICT innovation offers profound social changes that impact portion of the human life and kids. The qualities of play are identified with various down to earth exercises. Involving the ways that help the youngsters to learn impart drives the development through empowering creatures for fast reception of novel condition. References Gregory, E., Lytra, V., Ilankuberan, A. (2015). Divine games and ceremonies: how Tamil Saiva/Hindu kin learn confidence rehearses through play.International Journal of Play,4(1), 69-83. Hamari, J., Nousiainen, T. (2015, January). For what reason do instructors utilize game-based learning innovations? The job of individual and institutional ICT availability. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 682-691). IEEE. Moore, R. C. (2017).Childhood's area: Play and spot in youngster development(Vol. 6). Routledge. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and proficiency in youth: Research from numerous points of view. Routledge. Siegler, R. S. (2016). Congruity and change in the field of intellectual turn of events and in the viewpoints of one subjective developmentalist.Child Development Perspectives,10(2), 128-133. Trevarthen, C., Panksepp, J., Bentzen, M., Lakoseljac-Andreasen, C., Rubin, P. B., Winstead, M., ... Goldstein, B. (2016).Inclusion, Play and Empathy: Neuroaffective Development in Children's Groups. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

3 Questions Amazons CEO Asks Before Hiring Anyone

3 Questions Amazons CEO Asks Before Hiring Anyone If you were asked to name the five biggest internet-related companies, Amazon would certainly be one of them. It would comfortably feature among the likes of Google and Facebook.But still, Amazon is a bit different.There is something about it that is quite unique. In fact, so unique that the founder, Jeff Bezos, has been catapulted to the position of the richest man on earth.You may know Amazon, also known as Amazon.com, Inc, as the online store that has been keeping the Walmart leadership awake. Or as the company with over 560,000 employees worldwide.You may know it as the company that started small, in a garage, and expanded to a 37-story office building which includes six stories of underground parking with 1,064 spaces. Amazon is simply a great success story.And how did it get there?It is common for startups to struggle.Some manage to get off the ground and become established while others go down in their first 3 years. It can be the saddest thing for an entrepreneur but those wh o know better, do not give up.It happens that for Amazon, success has been brought about by a very simple philosophy. It is all about getting the best people to work in the company.You may think that this is obvious, until you get a closer look at how they do it.And for you to truly appreciate the uniqueness of their mode of hiring, just consider some of the things Amazon has managed to do.AMAZON’S GROWTH TRACKFounded in 1994, it started as an online bookstore. It grew to register enough confidence to the point of raising $54 million in the company’s IPO. The shares were going for $18 each. This IPO came just three years after being founded.Seeking to grow further, it acquired IMDB, an online database for movies, TV and video games. This was in 1998, one year after the IPO.Amazon would soon venture into an area that would bring them massive profits later. Between 2002 and 2006, they worked on various technologies for virtual service. Though initially designed for the company’s storage needs, growth had already been foreseen.With a massive computing infrastructure, the possibility of selling out virtual servers was embraced. And after more work on the platform, several services came into existence.These include the Amazon Web Service (AWS) which brought in $17.4 billion in 2017. Other technologies developed to establish the AWS were the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).Somewhere between this time, in 2004, Amazon ventured into the Chinese market. It did this by acquiring an e-commerce website called Joyo.com.Interestingly, this website was an online bookstore, exactly what Amazon was, before becoming big. Is it that Bezos loved books?In 2007, Amazon decided to help authors self-publish their books. This was through a service called CreateSpace. The service later merged with KDP.Still in this year, Amazon Fresh, Amazon Music and Amazon Kindle were launched.In 2009, Amazon bought Zappos for $1.2 billion.In 2011 , it bought a DVD rental service based in the UK. It was previously called Lovefilm but later got renamed to Amazon Video. The same year saw the Amazon Appstore for android launched. Still, Kindle Fire was released selling at $199.2013 saw the buying of book-reading and reviewing site Goodreads then later an expansion into India. Amazon Echo is released in 2014 as a food delivery service is introduced in 2015 for Amazon Prime customers.In 2015, Whole Foods was acquired for $13.7 billion.And the growth is ongoing. 2018 saw the expansion of Amazon into Turkey. These are just some of the more notable accomplishments which Amazon proudly wears like a badge.If you were told that these were only possible because of having the right people, you wouldn’t doubt that those were really the right people. And how does Amazon know who the right people are?Find out below.3 QUESTIONS TO AN AMAZON JOBAccording to Jeff Bezos, it’s pretty easy to know the right person.All the hiring criteria emplo yed by big companies don’t work. Only three questions do.1. Will you admire this person?According to a 1998 letter by Jeff Bezos to shareholders, he has tried to only work with the people he admires. He reasons that these are the people you are able to learn something from. As weird as this hiring rule sounds, the reasoning behind it is actually accurate.This reasoning introduces a very different way of looking at things. Think about it for a moment.Amazon is one of the biggest companies in the world, whether you look at it from the revenue perspective or number of employees. That means that it is a successful company.As such, many people will definitely want to work there.Consider also that there are over 6 million unemployed Americans and this company is still growing. Won’t people be attracted to the company?Yet the company wants people it is attracted to. People it admires, not the people who admire it.How this works can seem confusing until you understand that the company s eeks to always set the bar high. High in this case is relative. Not relative because there are no known heights, but relative because the heights keep going higher.If the last employee to be hired raised the bar high, then the next one should take it even higher.   And this is mentioned in the second question that is asked before hiring anyone.2. Will this person raise the average level of effectiveness of the group they are entering?Jeff Bezos is aware of the sobering truth that as a company grows bigger, managing it can start becoming a challenge. And so to ensure he stays ahead of the challenge, he hires only the people who will add a measure of effectiveness to the company.You can bet that the questions asked to find out one’s qualification are tough. Or looking at it from a different perspective, the kind of explanation and proof that one gives must be very convincing in order to be hired.According to the letter, an employee should look at the rising standards and say, “The standards are so high now boy, I’m glad I got in when I did!”And all this is intended to counter entropy. The company should never fall apart. The quality of service should never deteriorate. If it does, even a little, then the company starts losing its grip.And this grip has held until today. The company has grown to have more than half a million employees.If this philosophy wasn’t working, we wouldn’t know Amazon for what it is today.3. Along what dimension might this person be a superstar?This is where Bezos tries to be balanced. This question helps identify people with unique talents, even though the talents may not even be work-related.The intention? Make work more fun.He gives a case of someone hired who was a former National Spelling Bee champion. Obviously, Amazon is not in the manuscript editing business so how is this important?In the same letter, he says it can be a lot of fun to meet this employee and present an out-of-the-blues challenge. If he can throw an un expected challenge like “onomatopoeia!” at her and see her response, that lightens the mood of both.When people with unique skills and talents form the workforce, the work environment is enriched.This comes out clearly when in meetings. These are the people who will have very different perspectives. They can therefore present you with very unique solutions to the problems at hand.And isn’t Amazon known to come up with innovative solutions?A careful consideration of the growth experienced by this retail and tech giant testifies to this.All the acquisitions and adaptive changes prove that the company manages to stay ahead of the times and the competition.OTHER THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT AMAZONAnd if you think that this is all you can learn from Amazon, you are wrong.There are some key drivers behind the reasoning. Some of the things going on behind the scenes might also shock you.Hiring is the most important thingThe reason behind the three considerations by Amazons hiring t eams is not just a hiring philosophy. It is because the company holds this task as the most important one over all.Obviously, this is second to customer satisfaction as discussed below.For most companies, the hiring process is actually taken to be some sort of a liability. But for Amazon, it is an investment step. For those seeing it as a liability, they focus on efficiency in the process.The right candidate has to hired quickly. This requirement is further justified by the need to fill the vacancy as quickly as possible. They are simply in a hurry to continue with the business.Whereas this kind of efficiency is a good thing, you can definitely see the big difference that it brings in the results. When others are seeking to getting the right employee, Amazon seeks to hire the best.There is a downside to setting the standard very high. For example, what happens when all the interviewees fall short of reaching the “ceiling” of expectation?Most employers will tell you that they emp loy the best from those they have interviewed. Bezos however says he would rather interview 50 people but hire none instead of hiring the wrong person.This means it could possibly take longer to hire but the new employee will arguably be the best out there.Amazon is obsessed about customersSomething else that will help you understand this unconventional hiring practice is knowing that Amazon is obsessed over customers. And that is very different from just being customer-minded.All businesses want to satisfy their customers’ needs. They create relationships through different means all in an effort to cater to the needs of those who keep their businesses alive. It is really about that age-old phrase that the customer is king.That means the customers have the final say. But being obsessed takes things quite further than that. If you are obsessed with something, that thing takes a very huge part of your mind. You probably live for that one thing.From the management-level reasoning to the innovations at Amazon, everything is geared towards making the customer pleased. It is this obsession that makes the company think ahead in a way that somehow keeps others following.Starting off as an internet company when the internet was only catching up, Bezos had one thing in mind.He wanted to dive in before it was too late so as to avoid regretting that he didn’t do it earlier. And from then on, that has been the model of reasoning.With an obsession, fear is usually lurking around. This is subtly evident in that Bezos was afraid of regretting that he hadn’t taken the leap when the opportunity presented itself.And so even now, Amazon is afraid that if they don’t innovate enough, please the customer enough and do many other things enough, customers may leave. Or a competitor may overtake themâ€"which will still lead to customers leaving.The obsession? “We must keep the customers, and even get more,” says Amazon.Internal competitionIf you thought that hiring is the o nly test that a new employee needs to pass, please read on. Working at Amazon is quite an experience. And according to some past employees, the experience is unfortunately not the very best (all things considered).Employees are busy and the kind of great work environments that tech giants provide for their employees is not part of Amazon’s work philosophy. Amazon is certainly a wealthy company but you will be surprised at what they say about spending.Amazon believes that being frugal makes people resourceful and self-sufficient. This simply means there are no ‘unnecessary’ treats and perks as expected from a deep-pocketed employer.In meetings, the staff are encouraged to tear down ideas and challenge decisions. This is an effort to come up with the best decision for the company.Some former employees however say this bred fear of airing thoughts and opinions in some. That is expected, especially since human beings would rather talk freely in an environment they feel safe to exp ress themselves.Employees are encouraged to give opinions about anything and everything. Every morning before starting work, they answer at least one question about work. This is a HR program called Connections intending to help the company understand its huge workforce.Some employees however didn’t trust the anonymity of the answers while it was said that some managers weren’t always sure how to use the data.More positively though, they launched an employee-empowerment program called Forte. It is a review system though it focuses on the strengths of employees.This is to help managers nurture and groom those strengths so the employees can achieve their goals.RESULTS OF THE HIRING PHILOSOPHYThe competition is not relenting. Walmart is obviously not happy that Amazon’s presence in the retail industry. Suppliers have also felt the tightening grip of Amazon. Employees have complained of not-so-good working environments.These and many other negative reviews are publicly available. Yet, the mighty long river keeps expanding beyond the traditional river banks.Could a flood be coming soon? There are at least three things the company can proudly declare from the rooftops. Depending on where you stand, these are definitely arguable. But there are facts supporting them.Amazon has great talentThis cannot be disputed. Everyone knows that Google has very powerful algorithms which it leverages to give relevant search results.Also, a considerable amount of its power comes from the fact that they have a lot of personal data coming from those searches which basically give them insights into people.But for an online bookstore to stock almost everything, offer the biggest cloud computing platform and even venture into smart home technology, there is no denying that the hiring process gets the best.The brains behind the success of these projects tell it all.Amazon has high revenuesIf you are in business, you know very well that the bottomline is what matters. No matter how g ood a product you are offering is, if you can’t sell it, you are doomed. If you sell it but fail to make profits, you are still doomed.Amazon’s revenue is what makes it a real giant. For the past ten years, the company’s revenue has been going up from $14.835 billion in 2007 to $177.866 billion in 2017.As of early November 2018, Amazon’s market capitalization was over $803 billion.Numbers don’t lie.The founder is the richest man on earthFor some time, the whole world knew that the richest man in the world was Microsoft’s founder Bill Gates. He was however overtaken in 2017 by none other than the founder of the company discussed here.In 2018, Bezos maintained the number 1 position in the Forbes list of billionaires.Again, numbers do not lie.CONCLUSIONYou won’t be blamed if you took this hiring philosophy with a grain of salt.This is especially so if you consider what can happen to the employees long-term.But if the company’s financial muscles are anything to go by, th en you might consider picking something from this.

The United States - 1144 Words

I classify third parties as either a trade ally, a country with which the US maintains strong trading relationships, or a trade adversary, a country that either does not or has low levels of trade with the US. I determine this value from the balance of trade figures maintained by the US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis and the US Census Bureau. Previous Negative Interactions. If a potential sanctions target had previous negative interactions with the US, whether economic, military, or political, there should be some correlation with a decision to impose economic sanctions (Cox Drury, 2006). I assume that the US will be less likely to impose sanctions on countries without a history of unfavorable behavior or with a long period of time between negative events. Countries with a recent negative event or with a history of bad acts should be more likely to be sanctioned. I also assume that countries which ally or frequently trade with ones viewed unfavorably by the US should be more likely be sanctioned (Gray Hicks, 2014). I measure whether or not previous negative engagements occurs by scoring zero if there were no previous unfavorable encounters, and one of there were. If there were, I measure the number of months since the last encounter to derive a value for this variable similar to other models considering temporal dependencies (Beck, Katz Tucker, 1998). Domestic Costs. According to one study conducted in the 1990s, economic sanctions imposedShow MoreRelatedThe United States1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthat would affect the actions and history of the United States in the future. According to The Wordy Shipmates author Sarah Vowell, those colonists began the way the United States would be unique and not conform to what other countries do and this is shown in the actions the United States has taken throughout its history. Instead of conforming, most of the goals of the United States have been to allow other nations to conform to the Unit ed States’ image. Yet, those colonists who were being sent offRead MoreThe United States915 Words   |  4 PagesCheyanne Sitch Pod Cast 4 â€Å"The United States we stand at this moment at the summit of this world† –Winston Churchill. 1940 was the last year before the United States fully engaged themselves into the war. At this time the US was dealing with its 11th year of the depression. 1/7th of the population was unemployed at this time. This meant that nearly 14% of the workforce was unemployed in 1940 compared to the average of 17% in 1930. During this time the federal government did not maintain a povertyRead MoreThe United States949 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1900’s, the United States has expanded their trading routes with oriental lands such as the Philippines. A striking speech, delivered by a first-term republican senator, Albert J. Beveridge, strongly advocates the annexation of the Philippine islands to the USA. The most striking points about the senator’s speech are his three poorly thought out reasons justifying Americans to colonize the Philippines, which were religion, pr ofit, and race. The reason was for the American imperialism, whichRead MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Oxford Dictionary defines Wisdom as the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. Looking over the history of the United States, it can be argued that as a nation, the U.S has grown wiser over the years. This due to the various obstacles that they’ve overcome. Many of which were conflicts that arose with other countries and, at one point, within itself. All of the decisions made during these times of tension and overall crisis, even though at the moment very difficult to getRead MoreThe United States1267 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing nearly six decades of severed diplomatic relations, President Obama announced in September 2015 that the United States would loosen a variety of economic restrictions on Cuba. This announcement came in the wake of a â€Å"diplomatic thaw† beginning in December 2014 with the intention of normalizing political, socia l, and economic relations between the two nations. While Cuba remains under restrictions imposed by the 1960 Cuban Embargo, the steps taken by the Obama administration represent aRead MoreThe United States1263 Words   |  6 PagesThrough political and racial attitudes that have persisted from our countries inception, these issues have evolved into the education system that is in place today, a system that is flawed and needs much revision. The Declaration of Independence states that all Americans are entitled to â€Å"Life, Liberty, and Property,† and while, in the modern era, it is widely believed that educations is part of those rights, this was not always the case. For example, the case that gave rise to one of the most infamousRead MoreThe United States995 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been a well-known fact that the United States has been a model example for the world since its inception. Through the course of time, the influence of the United States has slowly grown. The roots of this influence lie within the core of the United States government and have since branched out into language, the arts, food, and more (Zimmerman). While these aforementioned examples have largely come around in the past century, the origin of this process was first defined in around 1800 (Dictionary)Read MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over the centuries, the United States has developed a rich political culture which includes a number of center principles and standards that act as the foundation of American democracy. Not all Americans embrace similar perspectives, of course, but the vast majority agree and accept these collective values. The ideals of equality, unity, liberty, democracy, diversity and individualism are deeply a part of the institutional framework of society. Political disputes are inclined toRead MoreThe United States859 Words   |  4 Pagescapital or income for people, feeding families and providing fresh produce based on organic gardening and micro-farming projects. According to Smalls the unemployment rate in South Africa is around 25%, which is significantly higher compared to the United States unemployment of 5.4%. So, if people who are unemployed are willing to put in the hard work than, Abalimi Bezekhaya is a good fit for them. In particular, women typically do more of the domestic care like cooking and so being a part of the AbalimiRead MoreThe United States1980 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States continues to be in the spotlight, especially during an election year and specifically when it comes to immigration. Most recently I was intrigued by an article I read, titled â€Å" Articleâ€Å"that talked about the unprecedented number of unaccompanied children crossing our U.S. Borders illegally. What began as an intriguing subject that sparked my interest evolved into a desire to expand my knowledge on the subject of immigration, particularly these unaccompanied children crossing our

Resume Performance Improvement Program - 1375 Words

Coaching Plan University: Name: Course Professor: Date: Performance Improvement Program Name of the employee: Hussein Ibrahim From: 1st June, 2016 To: 30th August, 2016 Re: Performance Improvement Program The purpose of this coaching program is to identify areas of concern, in Hussein Ibrahim’s work performance. The coaching program will give you the opportunity to show commitment and improve on your overall performance. Identified Problems ïÆ'Ëœ Hussein Ibrahim has a human relations problem. ïÆ'Ëœ He also lacks sufficient skills required for effective planning, organizing and making judgments. ïÆ'Ëœ Hussein Ibrahim lacks a sufficient level of creativity and initiative. Documentation of the Problem Over the last 12 months Hussein Ibrahim’s rating†¦show more content†¦In addition to the human relations problem, Hussein also lacks sufficient skills in making judgments. He tends to challenge decisions made in the company, which affects his relationship with the management. The improvement of the judgment skills will enable Hussein to approach various issues from an informed way. Hussein scores 5 in organizing, creativity and planning ability. This is an average rating, which he needs to improve in order to attain the accepted overall performance in the company. Action Plan Hussein will attend training session for two hours from Monday to Thursday, for three months. These trainings will start at three and end at five in the evening. The trainings on Mondays and Tuesdays will focus on human relations. Human relations training will address issues such as interpersonal communication, cross-cultural training and team work. Trainings on Wednesday will address the problem of planning and organizing ability, while Thursday trainings will address the issue of creativity and judgment making. Hussein is expected to attend all the training sessions as scheduled for the next 90 days. Failure to attend the training session without the permission of the immediate manager will be paramount to gross misconduct. This will lead to disciplinary action and a possibility of immediate termination. Management Support The management will facilitate trainings within the company and where necessary, facilitate external trainings. Expectations Hussein must

Socio Free Essays

w w w e tr . X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level .c rs om 9699/33 SOCIOLOGY Paper 3 Social Change and Differentiation Additional Materials: * 1 3 8 8 3 1 5 7 9 6 * October/November 2011 3 hours Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer three questions, each from a different section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. DC (NF) 50220/2 R  © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 Option A: Families and Households Answer either Question 1 or Question 2. 1 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term extended family. Identify and briefly describe two characteristics of modified extended families. [3] [6] b) Evaluate the view that the extended family is of little importance in modern industrial societies. [16] 2 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term patriarchy in relation to the family. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which patriarchy within the family may be expressed. [6] (b) â€Å"Patriarchal family structures are no longer to be found in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16] Option B: Education Answer either Question 3 or Question 4. 3 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term cultural deprivation. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which cultural deprivation impacts on educational achievements. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that class is the most significant factor in determining educational achievements in modern industrial societies. [16] 4 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term labelling. [3] Identify and briefly describe two sociological examples that illustrate the process of labelling in relation to education. [6] (b) â€Å"Ethnicity has relatively little impact on educational attainment in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16]  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 3 Option C: Religion Answer either Question 5 or Question 6. 5 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term social control. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which religion can act as a means of social control. [6] [16] (b) â€Å"Religion is a force for social change in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this view. 6 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term world affirming sect. Identify and briefly describe two reasons why sects can be short lived. [3] [6] (b) Evaluate the view that the growth of new religious movements is evidence that religion continues to play a major role in modern industrial societies. [16] Option D: Crime and Deviance Answer either Question 7 or Question 8. 7 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term self report study. [3] Identify and briefly describe two advantages in using self report studies to research the level of crime in society. [6] (b) Evaluate the view that criminal behaviour is limited to a few powerless groups in society. [16] 8 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term sub-culture. [3] Identify and briefly describe two differences between biological and sociological theories of deviance. [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the interactionist view that deviance is subject to negotiation.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 [Turn over 4 Option E: Work and Leisure Answer either Question 9 or Question 10. 9 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term unofficial strike. Identify and briefly describe two reasons why strikes occur. [3] [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the view that organisations are inevitably undemocratic. 10 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term professionalisation in relation to work. [3] Identify and briefly describe two consequences of the professionalisation of the workforce. [6] (b) Evaluate the view that alienation remains a feature of work in modern industrial societies. [16] Option F: Mass Media Answer either Question 11 or Question 12. 11 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term censorship. [3] Identify and briefly describe two examples of the way in which the mass media influences the political process. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that agenda setting in politics is increasingly shaped by the mass media in modern industrial societies. [16] 12 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term content analysis. [3] Identify and briefly describe two difficulties in measuring the influence of the mass media. [6] (b) Evaluate the usefulness of the hypodermic syringe model to our unde rstanding of the role of the mass media. [16] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 How to cite Socio, Essay examples

What has happened to Lulu free essay sample

What Has Happened to Lulu? Louise Middleton, or Lulu, as she was fondly called by her mother, had been sitting on the hill for over forty minutes now. She bit her lip and found herself glancing around every time she heard a noise. Her fingers twitched and her heart was racing. Her mouth had turned dry but she forced herself to swallow. Suddenly, a shadow appeared on the ground in the distance. It began advancing towards her, growing longer and longer. Her heart pounded as she sat frozen, staring into the glaring light of the sun.It masked the owner of the shadow, though she had a sick feeling in the it of her stomach that she knew exactly who It was. She could hear footsteps now. Footsteps of the shadow. A tall slender silhouette was advancing towards her. Clutched tightly in their hand was a screwed up piece of paper. We will write a custom essay sample on What has happened to Lulu or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why had you never mentioned this before? You should have told me. I could have done something. I could have been there. I was so scared. I thought you were dead till I found this. Lu, If I knew, I would have changed It all. All through her mothers painful words Lulu had sat and stared.She fought back the tears and stared through her as though she werent there. She listened intently to the tone of her mothers voice and pretended not to care. Of course however, she did. She wanted to Jump up and hug her mother. She wanted to tell her everything that had been building up inside her over the years; the pain, the anger The truth. She wanted her mother to comfort her as she once did when Louise was a child. She wanted her mother to tell her It will all be alright. But she knew It wouldnt be alright. She wasnt a child anymore. Her mother of course, had always been oblivious.Louise had learned how to cover it all up. How to pretend everything was fine. She had spared her mother the heartache of the truth for so long now. The truth she thought, that would never be uncovered. The day she left was the same as any other. Louise and her younger brother Ryan were being taken to school by her step dad Mark. They had to rush because Louise would take forever getting ready. This however was just an excuse. Just another lie to cover up the terrible truth. She would do anything to put off getting in the car. Ryan was dropped off first, at his primary school.Louses was at high school another half our away. Ryan slammed the car door, as small boys do, and waved goodbye excitedly to his big sister unknowing that was the last shed ever see of her. Louise faked a smile, but her face felt as he ran to join his friends in the playground. They pulled out and drove off. Her heart dropped as she knew only too well what was about to come. l hope youre not thinking of going anywhere tonight? Because Ive already told your mother youd help her with the food. But I promised.. . Yes, and Ive told your mother youve promised her. But I didnt! Im not standing round the kitchen all night, arranging sandwiches when all my mates are at the gig! The car screeched too halt at a bus stop. Dont you dare talk to me like that! Get out of the car. GET OUT! You can walk to school. Its miles away, and its raining! You cant do that! I can. And I will. Louise did not move. She fixated her eyes on him. He got out, opened her door and began to drag her, pulling at her arms. HE screamed, hurling abuse at her, still she did not budge. He demanded her to get out of the car. This was the final warning.He said hed force her out. His hand darted towards her face. Half slap, half punch. It knocked her cheek bone. There was a moment that they were both still and silent. Then their eyes met and as just suddenly as it happened, the stillness was broken again. Louise moved faster than ever before, undoing her settable, pushing past Mark and diving out of the car, falling over her feet in the rush. The tears poured camouflaged by the rain. She adrenal look back. Mark watched her hurry off until she was Just out of soothe. Then he got back in his car and went off to work as if nothing happened.Dear Diary. I guess I cant call this a diary entry, as it wont be entered into a diary. Its really more like a letter I suppose. A letter to someone that finds it years later, hoping to uncover the truth. Mum, I write this to you. I shall keep it in the drawer by my bed. We never got on really, Mark and me. You couldnt see it mum. You were too wrapped up Mum. You were blind. Blind in love I guess. He had never hit me before, Ill give him that. But the day I left. In a way, Im glad he did. It gave me the power to finally stand up for myself. To do what I had to. To mum.My face was bleeding. He threw me out of the car. He shouted, calling me all sorts of names. Youre worthless He said. Remember, last night? He said that if I put another foot wrong, I wouldnt be staying in his house any longer. His house Its not his. Ive lived there all my life. Fifteen years that is. Before all this. Before you and dad. Before Him. And has he ever hit you mum? Do you fear him too? Is that why you nod at every word he says. Is that why he makes the rules? Is that why you stick to them? Does he threaten you when youre alone, like he does me?Im not failing because Im mixing with the wrong people mum. Im failing because if him. Dont you see? I love you mum. Thats why its so hard. Be strong. Ill be fine. I didnt go to school today. I came home, knowing nobody was in. Ive packed some food mum, and spare clothes and the money I was saving. Saving for a rainy day. It rained all day yesterday. Ironic really. Isnt it? It was the same routine every day. I was tormented every morning in the car Journey between mine and Ryans school, then every night before you came home bringing Ryan from the after school club. The trouble was that he was the perfect gentleman when other people were there. Ryan even called him dad. That disgusted me. It always sent shivers up my spine. Hes not our dad, never will be. A dad like him doesnt deserve to be one. Im sure he loves Ryan. At least he pretends to. But he never had the time for me. Do you know, Ive spent this all locked up for so long because I didnt want to hurt you. At least thats what I told myself. You would never believe me. I tried to tell you. You said it was nonsense. Are you scared of him too mum? Ive tried, for so long now, to keep it together. But now Im finally free.