Theory paper for sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypothesis paper for human science - Essay Example Along these lines, family goes about as an incorporating system. Also, family makes social request. Along these lines family goes about as a unit of steadiness for the general public to work in general. Talcott Parsons makes this idea a stride further by clarifying two fundamental elements of family. These capacities disclose to us the manner in which the family carries on and reveals to us the conduct of the people in the family. The main fundamental capacity of the family is the essential socialization of the youthful. Parsons (1951) contends that families resemble plants creating human characters and personalities. It is the family alone that gives the security and passionate covering to the person at an early age. A case of such conduct is the dedicating of the youngster or when they praise birthday celebrations. The kid discovers that society resembles a human creature where torments and joy is shared. The family is a smaller than usual society and carries on likewise. The other capacity of family referenced by Parsons is the adjustment of grown-up characters. As indicated by him through the sexual division of work family keeps up grown-up characters and settles them. The man has the instrumental job of a provider and the female includes an expressive job inside the family.

Bachelor of Early Childhood Studies for Piaget- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theBachelor of Early Childhood Studies for Piaget. Answer: Piaget (how kids gain information through play) The four phase hypothesis of Jean Piagets shows the path through which youngsters get information through playing. This is one of the most fundamentally condemned physiological speculations everything being equal. The hypothesis on how kids develop information confronted numerous difficulties. Likewise a considerable lot of them are totally supported. Because of his great vision the hypothesis is fitting to adjust this arrangement on more than 10 essential youngster brain research concentrates alongside crafted by notable Swiss formative therapists Jean Piaget (Trevarthen et al., 2016). His hypothesis suggests that, the astuteness of a human creates with the assistance of digestion, play and convenience. In the present field of innovation the developing job of training framework effectively bolsters the comprehension of the youngsters. The idea of the innovation experiences the need that assists with supporting the kids to expand their advantages. ICT in play area might be iPods, mobile phones, MP3 players and PC are utilized to permit access to pictures, Video cameras and additionally games moreover. There are numerous ICT games accessible for the youngsters, for example, Super Mario, puzzle, sketchpad, irate feathered creature and so forth which causes them to investigate their insight level. With the assistance of these ICT advancements the youngsters can secure significant level information. The stages referenced in this hypothesis incorporate sensorimotor, pre operational, solid activity and formal activity. While involving ICT and youngsters play it has been discovered that, PC games help them to turn out to be progressively acquainted with innovation. Vygotsky (how youngsters learn through play in a social setting) This hypothesis mirrors that kids assume dynamic jobs in the social and verifiable hypothesis of human culture. So as to refine and test the essential acts of schooldays the kids nature are dissected by Lev Vygotsky (Hamari Nousiainen, 2015). This hypothesis infers that even without the assistance of the grown-ups, the kids can arrive at their ideal goal just gaining from the general public. This implies subsequent to playing various games in the adolescence, the youngsters can take in new aptitudes and thoughts from the general public. With the assistance of new learning abilities and thoughts with no help the kids can arrive at most elevated pinnacle of accomplishment. In current days kids are likewise broadly utilizing innovation in their every day lives. ICT advancement in the youth gives great practices that are useful to help the youngsters improvement and learning. So as to settle on these decisions the experts should be a lot of acquainted with various devices. With the use of PC games and web based games the youngsters can gain so much from the social setting. Freud (how kids learn self-guideline through play) This is simply the hypothesis of how the kids learn self guideline through playing. The hypothesis created by Sigmund Freud, expresses that playing is the way that assists with communicating all the socially inadmissible practices (Moore, 2017). Play additionally encourages a kid to remove their undesired sentiments and all the activities through a much worthy heading. The feeling of control of the kids diminishes nervousness and furthermore assists with communicating all their illegal sentiments. Traditional games as well as cutting edge PC gaming causes kids to get feeling of command over various occasions. In the youth youngsters can increase self guideline power through play. ICT assumes successful job in the youth days. Youth instruction and play both incorporate numerous equipment and programming as their innovation. Play can advance theoretical thoughts through making detachment between the destinations and activities. Utilizing both the activity and articles kids can viably reach even past the standard advancement in discernment and self guideline. This as well as from ICT setting, youngsters likewise acquire mental portrayals on social jobs and about the guidelines of society for self guideline. Bateson (how kids figure out how to impart through play) The hypothesis created by Gregory Bateson infers the route through which the kids learn correspondence through playing. It is centered around the content that the kids follow while playing any game. Correspondence mirrors the capacity of the youngster and furthermore their capacity to gain some new useful knowledge (Siegler, 2016). The correspondence approach shared among the youngsters is named as Meta correspondence aptitude. In the wake of considering the ICT angle it very well may be said that, for any youngster correspondence is a significant device that must be utilized to share considerations and thoughts. ICT innovation offers profound social changes that impact portion of the human life and kids. The qualities of play are identified with various down to earth exercises. Involving the ways that help the youngsters to learn impart drives the development through empowering creatures for fast reception of novel condition. References Gregory, E., Lytra, V., Ilankuberan, A. (2015). Divine games and ceremonies: how Tamil Saiva/Hindu kin learn confidence rehearses through play.International Journal of Play,4(1), 69-83. Hamari, J., Nousiainen, T. (2015, January). For what reason do instructors utilize game-based learning innovations? The job of individual and institutional ICT availability. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 682-691). IEEE. Moore, R. C. (2017).Childhood's area: Play and spot in youngster development(Vol. 6). Routledge. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and proficiency in youth: Research from numerous points of view. Routledge. Siegler, R. S. (2016). Congruity and change in the field of intellectual turn of events and in the viewpoints of one subjective developmentalist.Child Development Perspectives,10(2), 128-133. Trevarthen, C., Panksepp, J., Bentzen, M., Lakoseljac-Andreasen, C., Rubin, P. B., Winstead, M., ... Goldstein, B. (2016).Inclusion, Play and Empathy: Neuroaffective Development in Children's Groups. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

3 Questions Amazons CEO Asks Before Hiring Anyone

3 Questions Amazons CEO Asks Before Hiring Anyone If you were asked to name the five biggest internet-related companies, Amazon would certainly be one of them. It would comfortably feature among the likes of Google and Facebook.But still, Amazon is a bit different.There is something about it that is quite unique. In fact, so unique that the founder, Jeff Bezos, has been catapulted to the position of the richest man on earth.You may know Amazon, also known as Amazon.com, Inc, as the online store that has been keeping the Walmart leadership awake. Or as the company with over 560,000 employees worldwide.You may know it as the company that started small, in a garage, and expanded to a 37-story office building which includes six stories of underground parking with 1,064 spaces. Amazon is simply a great success story.And how did it get there?It is common for startups to struggle.Some manage to get off the ground and become established while others go down in their first 3 years. It can be the saddest thing for an entrepreneur but those wh o know better, do not give up.It happens that for Amazon, success has been brought about by a very simple philosophy. It is all about getting the best people to work in the company.You may think that this is obvious, until you get a closer look at how they do it.And for you to truly appreciate the uniqueness of their mode of hiring, just consider some of the things Amazon has managed to do.AMAZON’S GROWTH TRACKFounded in 1994, it started as an online bookstore. It grew to register enough confidence to the point of raising $54 million in the company’s IPO. The shares were going for $18 each. This IPO came just three years after being founded.Seeking to grow further, it acquired IMDB, an online database for movies, TV and video games. This was in 1998, one year after the IPO.Amazon would soon venture into an area that would bring them massive profits later. Between 2002 and 2006, they worked on various technologies for virtual service. Though initially designed for the company’s storage needs, growth had already been foreseen.With a massive computing infrastructure, the possibility of selling out virtual servers was embraced. And after more work on the platform, several services came into existence.These include the Amazon Web Service (AWS) which brought in $17.4 billion in 2017. Other technologies developed to establish the AWS were the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).Somewhere between this time, in 2004, Amazon ventured into the Chinese market. It did this by acquiring an e-commerce website called Joyo.com.Interestingly, this website was an online bookstore, exactly what Amazon was, before becoming big. Is it that Bezos loved books?In 2007, Amazon decided to help authors self-publish their books. This was through a service called CreateSpace. The service later merged with KDP.Still in this year, Amazon Fresh, Amazon Music and Amazon Kindle were launched.In 2009, Amazon bought Zappos for $1.2 billion.In 2011 , it bought a DVD rental service based in the UK. It was previously called Lovefilm but later got renamed to Amazon Video. The same year saw the Amazon Appstore for android launched. Still, Kindle Fire was released selling at $199.2013 saw the buying of book-reading and reviewing site Goodreads then later an expansion into India. Amazon Echo is released in 2014 as a food delivery service is introduced in 2015 for Amazon Prime customers.In 2015, Whole Foods was acquired for $13.7 billion.And the growth is ongoing. 2018 saw the expansion of Amazon into Turkey. These are just some of the more notable accomplishments which Amazon proudly wears like a badge.If you were told that these were only possible because of having the right people, you wouldn’t doubt that those were really the right people. And how does Amazon know who the right people are?Find out below.3 QUESTIONS TO AN AMAZON JOBAccording to Jeff Bezos, it’s pretty easy to know the right person.All the hiring criteria emplo yed by big companies don’t work. Only three questions do.1. Will you admire this person?According to a 1998 letter by Jeff Bezos to shareholders, he has tried to only work with the people he admires. He reasons that these are the people you are able to learn something from. As weird as this hiring rule sounds, the reasoning behind it is actually accurate.This reasoning introduces a very different way of looking at things. Think about it for a moment.Amazon is one of the biggest companies in the world, whether you look at it from the revenue perspective or number of employees. That means that it is a successful company.As such, many people will definitely want to work there.Consider also that there are over 6 million unemployed Americans and this company is still growing. Won’t people be attracted to the company?Yet the company wants people it is attracted to. People it admires, not the people who admire it.How this works can seem confusing until you understand that the company s eeks to always set the bar high. High in this case is relative. Not relative because there are no known heights, but relative because the heights keep going higher.If the last employee to be hired raised the bar high, then the next one should take it even higher.   And this is mentioned in the second question that is asked before hiring anyone.2. Will this person raise the average level of effectiveness of the group they are entering?Jeff Bezos is aware of the sobering truth that as a company grows bigger, managing it can start becoming a challenge. And so to ensure he stays ahead of the challenge, he hires only the people who will add a measure of effectiveness to the company.You can bet that the questions asked to find out one’s qualification are tough. Or looking at it from a different perspective, the kind of explanation and proof that one gives must be very convincing in order to be hired.According to the letter, an employee should look at the rising standards and say, “The standards are so high now boy, I’m glad I got in when I did!”And all this is intended to counter entropy. The company should never fall apart. The quality of service should never deteriorate. If it does, even a little, then the company starts losing its grip.And this grip has held until today. The company has grown to have more than half a million employees.If this philosophy wasn’t working, we wouldn’t know Amazon for what it is today.3. Along what dimension might this person be a superstar?This is where Bezos tries to be balanced. This question helps identify people with unique talents, even though the talents may not even be work-related.The intention? Make work more fun.He gives a case of someone hired who was a former National Spelling Bee champion. Obviously, Amazon is not in the manuscript editing business so how is this important?In the same letter, he says it can be a lot of fun to meet this employee and present an out-of-the-blues challenge. If he can throw an un expected challenge like “onomatopoeia!” at her and see her response, that lightens the mood of both.When people with unique skills and talents form the workforce, the work environment is enriched.This comes out clearly when in meetings. These are the people who will have very different perspectives. They can therefore present you with very unique solutions to the problems at hand.And isn’t Amazon known to come up with innovative solutions?A careful consideration of the growth experienced by this retail and tech giant testifies to this.All the acquisitions and adaptive changes prove that the company manages to stay ahead of the times and the competition.OTHER THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT AMAZONAnd if you think that this is all you can learn from Amazon, you are wrong.There are some key drivers behind the reasoning. Some of the things going on behind the scenes might also shock you.Hiring is the most important thingThe reason behind the three considerations by Amazons hiring t eams is not just a hiring philosophy. It is because the company holds this task as the most important one over all.Obviously, this is second to customer satisfaction as discussed below.For most companies, the hiring process is actually taken to be some sort of a liability. But for Amazon, it is an investment step. For those seeing it as a liability, they focus on efficiency in the process.The right candidate has to hired quickly. This requirement is further justified by the need to fill the vacancy as quickly as possible. They are simply in a hurry to continue with the business.Whereas this kind of efficiency is a good thing, you can definitely see the big difference that it brings in the results. When others are seeking to getting the right employee, Amazon seeks to hire the best.There is a downside to setting the standard very high. For example, what happens when all the interviewees fall short of reaching the “ceiling” of expectation?Most employers will tell you that they emp loy the best from those they have interviewed. Bezos however says he would rather interview 50 people but hire none instead of hiring the wrong person.This means it could possibly take longer to hire but the new employee will arguably be the best out there.Amazon is obsessed about customersSomething else that will help you understand this unconventional hiring practice is knowing that Amazon is obsessed over customers. And that is very different from just being customer-minded.All businesses want to satisfy their customers’ needs. They create relationships through different means all in an effort to cater to the needs of those who keep their businesses alive. It is really about that age-old phrase that the customer is king.That means the customers have the final say. But being obsessed takes things quite further than that. If you are obsessed with something, that thing takes a very huge part of your mind. You probably live for that one thing.From the management-level reasoning to the innovations at Amazon, everything is geared towards making the customer pleased. It is this obsession that makes the company think ahead in a way that somehow keeps others following.Starting off as an internet company when the internet was only catching up, Bezos had one thing in mind.He wanted to dive in before it was too late so as to avoid regretting that he didn’t do it earlier. And from then on, that has been the model of reasoning.With an obsession, fear is usually lurking around. This is subtly evident in that Bezos was afraid of regretting that he hadn’t taken the leap when the opportunity presented itself.And so even now, Amazon is afraid that if they don’t innovate enough, please the customer enough and do many other things enough, customers may leave. Or a competitor may overtake themâ€"which will still lead to customers leaving.The obsession? “We must keep the customers, and even get more,” says Amazon.Internal competitionIf you thought that hiring is the o nly test that a new employee needs to pass, please read on. Working at Amazon is quite an experience. And according to some past employees, the experience is unfortunately not the very best (all things considered).Employees are busy and the kind of great work environments that tech giants provide for their employees is not part of Amazon’s work philosophy. Amazon is certainly a wealthy company but you will be surprised at what they say about spending.Amazon believes that being frugal makes people resourceful and self-sufficient. This simply means there are no ‘unnecessary’ treats and perks as expected from a deep-pocketed employer.In meetings, the staff are encouraged to tear down ideas and challenge decisions. This is an effort to come up with the best decision for the company.Some former employees however say this bred fear of airing thoughts and opinions in some. That is expected, especially since human beings would rather talk freely in an environment they feel safe to exp ress themselves.Employees are encouraged to give opinions about anything and everything. Every morning before starting work, they answer at least one question about work. This is a HR program called Connections intending to help the company understand its huge workforce.Some employees however didn’t trust the anonymity of the answers while it was said that some managers weren’t always sure how to use the data.More positively though, they launched an employee-empowerment program called Forte. It is a review system though it focuses on the strengths of employees.This is to help managers nurture and groom those strengths so the employees can achieve their goals.RESULTS OF THE HIRING PHILOSOPHYThe competition is not relenting. Walmart is obviously not happy that Amazon’s presence in the retail industry. Suppliers have also felt the tightening grip of Amazon. Employees have complained of not-so-good working environments.These and many other negative reviews are publicly available. Yet, the mighty long river keeps expanding beyond the traditional river banks.Could a flood be coming soon? There are at least three things the company can proudly declare from the rooftops. Depending on where you stand, these are definitely arguable. But there are facts supporting them.Amazon has great talentThis cannot be disputed. Everyone knows that Google has very powerful algorithms which it leverages to give relevant search results.Also, a considerable amount of its power comes from the fact that they have a lot of personal data coming from those searches which basically give them insights into people.But for an online bookstore to stock almost everything, offer the biggest cloud computing platform and even venture into smart home technology, there is no denying that the hiring process gets the best.The brains behind the success of these projects tell it all.Amazon has high revenuesIf you are in business, you know very well that the bottomline is what matters. No matter how g ood a product you are offering is, if you can’t sell it, you are doomed. If you sell it but fail to make profits, you are still doomed.Amazon’s revenue is what makes it a real giant. For the past ten years, the company’s revenue has been going up from $14.835 billion in 2007 to $177.866 billion in 2017.As of early November 2018, Amazon’s market capitalization was over $803 billion.Numbers don’t lie.The founder is the richest man on earthFor some time, the whole world knew that the richest man in the world was Microsoft’s founder Bill Gates. He was however overtaken in 2017 by none other than the founder of the company discussed here.In 2018, Bezos maintained the number 1 position in the Forbes list of billionaires.Again, numbers do not lie.CONCLUSIONYou won’t be blamed if you took this hiring philosophy with a grain of salt.This is especially so if you consider what can happen to the employees long-term.But if the company’s financial muscles are anything to go by, th en you might consider picking something from this.

The United States - 1144 Words

I classify third parties as either a trade ally, a country with which the US maintains strong trading relationships, or a trade adversary, a country that either does not or has low levels of trade with the US. I determine this value from the balance of trade figures maintained by the US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis and the US Census Bureau. Previous Negative Interactions. If a potential sanctions target had previous negative interactions with the US, whether economic, military, or political, there should be some correlation with a decision to impose economic sanctions (Cox Drury, 2006). I assume that the US will be less likely to impose sanctions on countries without a history of unfavorable behavior or with a long period of time between negative events. Countries with a recent negative event or with a history of bad acts should be more likely to be sanctioned. I also assume that countries which ally or frequently trade with ones viewed unfavorably by the US should be more likely be sanctioned (Gray Hicks, 2014). I measure whether or not previous negative engagements occurs by scoring zero if there were no previous unfavorable encounters, and one of there were. If there were, I measure the number of months since the last encounter to derive a value for this variable similar to other models considering temporal dependencies (Beck, Katz Tucker, 1998). Domestic Costs. According to one study conducted in the 1990s, economic sanctions imposedShow MoreRelatedThe United States1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthat would affect the actions and history of the United States in the future. According to The Wordy Shipmates author Sarah Vowell, those colonists began the way the United States would be unique and not conform to what other countries do and this is shown in the actions the United States has taken throughout its history. Instead of conforming, most of the goals of the United States have been to allow other nations to conform to the Unit ed States’ image. Yet, those colonists who were being sent offRead MoreThe United States915 Words   |  4 PagesCheyanne Sitch Pod Cast 4 â€Å"The United States we stand at this moment at the summit of this world† –Winston Churchill. 1940 was the last year before the United States fully engaged themselves into the war. At this time the US was dealing with its 11th year of the depression. 1/7th of the population was unemployed at this time. This meant that nearly 14% of the workforce was unemployed in 1940 compared to the average of 17% in 1930. During this time the federal government did not maintain a povertyRead MoreThe United States949 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1900’s, the United States has expanded their trading routes with oriental lands such as the Philippines. A striking speech, delivered by a first-term republican senator, Albert J. Beveridge, strongly advocates the annexation of the Philippine islands to the USA. The most striking points about the senator’s speech are his three poorly thought out reasons justifying Americans to colonize the Philippines, which were religion, pr ofit, and race. The reason was for the American imperialism, whichRead MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Oxford Dictionary defines Wisdom as the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. Looking over the history of the United States, it can be argued that as a nation, the U.S has grown wiser over the years. This due to the various obstacles that they’ve overcome. Many of which were conflicts that arose with other countries and, at one point, within itself. All of the decisions made during these times of tension and overall crisis, even though at the moment very difficult to getRead MoreThe United States1267 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing nearly six decades of severed diplomatic relations, President Obama announced in September 2015 that the United States would loosen a variety of economic restrictions on Cuba. This announcement came in the wake of a â€Å"diplomatic thaw† beginning in December 2014 with the intention of normalizing political, socia l, and economic relations between the two nations. While Cuba remains under restrictions imposed by the 1960 Cuban Embargo, the steps taken by the Obama administration represent aRead MoreThe United States1263 Words   |  6 PagesThrough political and racial attitudes that have persisted from our countries inception, these issues have evolved into the education system that is in place today, a system that is flawed and needs much revision. The Declaration of Independence states that all Americans are entitled to â€Å"Life, Liberty, and Property,† and while, in the modern era, it is widely believed that educations is part of those rights, this was not always the case. For example, the case that gave rise to one of the most infamousRead MoreThe United States995 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been a well-known fact that the United States has been a model example for the world since its inception. Through the course of time, the influence of the United States has slowly grown. The roots of this influence lie within the core of the United States government and have since branched out into language, the arts, food, and more (Zimmerman). While these aforementioned examples have largely come around in the past century, the origin of this process was first defined in around 1800 (Dictionary)Read MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over the centuries, the United States has developed a rich political culture which includes a number of center principles and standards that act as the foundation of American democracy. Not all Americans embrace similar perspectives, of course, but the vast majority agree and accept these collective values. The ideals of equality, unity, liberty, democracy, diversity and individualism are deeply a part of the institutional framework of society. Political disputes are inclined toRead MoreThe United States859 Words   |  4 Pagescapital or income for people, feeding families and providing fresh produce based on organic gardening and micro-farming projects. According to Smalls the unemployment rate in South Africa is around 25%, which is significantly higher compared to the United States unemployment of 5.4%. So, if people who are unemployed are willing to put in the hard work than, Abalimi Bezekhaya is a good fit for them. In particular, women typically do more of the domestic care like cooking and so being a part of the AbalimiRead MoreThe United States1980 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States continues to be in the spotlight, especially during an election year and specifically when it comes to immigration. Most recently I was intrigued by an article I read, titled â€Å" Articleâ€Å"that talked about the unprecedented number of unaccompanied children crossing our U.S. Borders illegally. What began as an intriguing subject that sparked my interest evolved into a desire to expand my knowledge on the subject of immigration, particularly these unaccompanied children crossing our

Resume Performance Improvement Program - 1375 Words

Coaching Plan University: Name: Course Professor: Date: Performance Improvement Program Name of the employee: Hussein Ibrahim From: 1st June, 2016 To: 30th August, 2016 Re: Performance Improvement Program The purpose of this coaching program is to identify areas of concern, in Hussein Ibrahim’s work performance. The coaching program will give you the opportunity to show commitment and improve on your overall performance. Identified Problems ïÆ'Ëœ Hussein Ibrahim has a human relations problem. ïÆ'Ëœ He also lacks sufficient skills required for effective planning, organizing and making judgments. ïÆ'Ëœ Hussein Ibrahim lacks a sufficient level of creativity and initiative. Documentation of the Problem Over the last 12 months Hussein Ibrahim’s rating†¦show more content†¦In addition to the human relations problem, Hussein also lacks sufficient skills in making judgments. He tends to challenge decisions made in the company, which affects his relationship with the management. The improvement of the judgment skills will enable Hussein to approach various issues from an informed way. Hussein scores 5 in organizing, creativity and planning ability. This is an average rating, which he needs to improve in order to attain the accepted overall performance in the company. Action Plan Hussein will attend training session for two hours from Monday to Thursday, for three months. These trainings will start at three and end at five in the evening. The trainings on Mondays and Tuesdays will focus on human relations. Human relations training will address issues such as interpersonal communication, cross-cultural training and team work. Trainings on Wednesday will address the problem of planning and organizing ability, while Thursday trainings will address the issue of creativity and judgment making. Hussein is expected to attend all the training sessions as scheduled for the next 90 days. Failure to attend the training session without the permission of the immediate manager will be paramount to gross misconduct. This will lead to disciplinary action and a possibility of immediate termination. Management Support The management will facilitate trainings within the company and where necessary, facilitate external trainings. Expectations Hussein must

Socio Free Essays

w w w e tr . X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level .c rs om 9699/33 SOCIOLOGY Paper 3 Social Change and Differentiation Additional Materials: * 1 3 8 8 3 1 5 7 9 6 * October/November 2011 3 hours Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer three questions, each from a different section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. DC (NF) 50220/2 R  © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 Option A: Families and Households Answer either Question 1 or Question 2. 1 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term extended family. Identify and briefly describe two characteristics of modified extended families. [3] [6] b) Evaluate the view that the extended family is of little importance in modern industrial societies. [16] 2 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term patriarchy in relation to the family. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which patriarchy within the family may be expressed. [6] (b) â€Å"Patriarchal family structures are no longer to be found in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16] Option B: Education Answer either Question 3 or Question 4. 3 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term cultural deprivation. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which cultural deprivation impacts on educational achievements. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that class is the most significant factor in determining educational achievements in modern industrial societies. [16] 4 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term labelling. [3] Identify and briefly describe two sociological examples that illustrate the process of labelling in relation to education. [6] (b) â€Å"Ethnicity has relatively little impact on educational attainment in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16]  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 3 Option C: Religion Answer either Question 5 or Question 6. 5 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term social control. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which religion can act as a means of social control. [6] [16] (b) â€Å"Religion is a force for social change in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this view. 6 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term world affirming sect. Identify and briefly describe two reasons why sects can be short lived. [3] [6] (b) Evaluate the view that the growth of new religious movements is evidence that religion continues to play a major role in modern industrial societies. [16] Option D: Crime and Deviance Answer either Question 7 or Question 8. 7 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term self report study. [3] Identify and briefly describe two advantages in using self report studies to research the level of crime in society. [6] (b) Evaluate the view that criminal behaviour is limited to a few powerless groups in society. [16] 8 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term sub-culture. [3] Identify and briefly describe two differences between biological and sociological theories of deviance. [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the interactionist view that deviance is subject to negotiation.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 [Turn over 4 Option E: Work and Leisure Answer either Question 9 or Question 10. 9 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term unofficial strike. Identify and briefly describe two reasons why strikes occur. [3] [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the view that organisations are inevitably undemocratic. 10 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term professionalisation in relation to work. [3] Identify and briefly describe two consequences of the professionalisation of the workforce. [6] (b) Evaluate the view that alienation remains a feature of work in modern industrial societies. [16] Option F: Mass Media Answer either Question 11 or Question 12. 11 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term censorship. [3] Identify and briefly describe two examples of the way in which the mass media influences the political process. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that agenda setting in politics is increasingly shaped by the mass media in modern industrial societies. [16] 12 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term content analysis. [3] Identify and briefly describe two difficulties in measuring the influence of the mass media. [6] (b) Evaluate the usefulness of the hypodermic syringe model to our unde rstanding of the role of the mass media. [16] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 How to cite Socio, Essay examples

What has happened to Lulu free essay sample

What Has Happened to Lulu? Louise Middleton, or Lulu, as she was fondly called by her mother, had been sitting on the hill for over forty minutes now. She bit her lip and found herself glancing around every time she heard a noise. Her fingers twitched and her heart was racing. Her mouth had turned dry but she forced herself to swallow. Suddenly, a shadow appeared on the ground in the distance. It began advancing towards her, growing longer and longer. Her heart pounded as she sat frozen, staring into the glaring light of the sun.It masked the owner of the shadow, though she had a sick feeling in the it of her stomach that she knew exactly who It was. She could hear footsteps now. Footsteps of the shadow. A tall slender silhouette was advancing towards her. Clutched tightly in their hand was a screwed up piece of paper. We will write a custom essay sample on What has happened to Lulu or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why had you never mentioned this before? You should have told me. I could have done something. I could have been there. I was so scared. I thought you were dead till I found this. Lu, If I knew, I would have changed It all. All through her mothers painful words Lulu had sat and stared.She fought back the tears and stared through her as though she werent there. She listened intently to the tone of her mothers voice and pretended not to care. Of course however, she did. She wanted to Jump up and hug her mother. She wanted to tell her everything that had been building up inside her over the years; the pain, the anger The truth. She wanted her mother to comfort her as she once did when Louise was a child. She wanted her mother to tell her It will all be alright. But she knew It wouldnt be alright. She wasnt a child anymore. Her mother of course, had always been oblivious.Louise had learned how to cover it all up. How to pretend everything was fine. She had spared her mother the heartache of the truth for so long now. The truth she thought, that would never be uncovered. The day she left was the same as any other. Louise and her younger brother Ryan were being taken to school by her step dad Mark. They had to rush because Louise would take forever getting ready. This however was just an excuse. Just another lie to cover up the terrible truth. She would do anything to put off getting in the car. Ryan was dropped off first, at his primary school.Louses was at high school another half our away. Ryan slammed the car door, as small boys do, and waved goodbye excitedly to his big sister unknowing that was the last shed ever see of her. Louise faked a smile, but her face felt as he ran to join his friends in the playground. They pulled out and drove off. Her heart dropped as she knew only too well what was about to come. l hope youre not thinking of going anywhere tonight? Because Ive already told your mother youd help her with the food. But I promised.. . Yes, and Ive told your mother youve promised her. But I didnt! Im not standing round the kitchen all night, arranging sandwiches when all my mates are at the gig! The car screeched too halt at a bus stop. Dont you dare talk to me like that! Get out of the car. GET OUT! You can walk to school. Its miles away, and its raining! You cant do that! I can. And I will. Louise did not move. She fixated her eyes on him. He got out, opened her door and began to drag her, pulling at her arms. HE screamed, hurling abuse at her, still she did not budge. He demanded her to get out of the car. This was the final warning.He said hed force her out. His hand darted towards her face. Half slap, half punch. It knocked her cheek bone. There was a moment that they were both still and silent. Then their eyes met and as just suddenly as it happened, the stillness was broken again. Louise moved faster than ever before, undoing her settable, pushing past Mark and diving out of the car, falling over her feet in the rush. The tears poured camouflaged by the rain. She adrenal look back. Mark watched her hurry off until she was Just out of soothe. Then he got back in his car and went off to work as if nothing happened.Dear Diary. I guess I cant call this a diary entry, as it wont be entered into a diary. Its really more like a letter I suppose. A letter to someone that finds it years later, hoping to uncover the truth. Mum, I write this to you. I shall keep it in the drawer by my bed. We never got on really, Mark and me. You couldnt see it mum. You were too wrapped up Mum. You were blind. Blind in love I guess. He had never hit me before, Ill give him that. But the day I left. In a way, Im glad he did. It gave me the power to finally stand up for myself. To do what I had to. To mum.My face was bleeding. He threw me out of the car. He shouted, calling me all sorts of names. Youre worthless He said. Remember, last night? He said that if I put another foot wrong, I wouldnt be staying in his house any longer. His house Its not his. Ive lived there all my life. Fifteen years that is. Before all this. Before you and dad. Before Him. And has he ever hit you mum? Do you fear him too? Is that why you nod at every word he says. Is that why he makes the rules? Is that why you stick to them? Does he threaten you when youre alone, like he does me?Im not failing because Im mixing with the wrong people mum. Im failing because if him. Dont you see? I love you mum. Thats why its so hard. Be strong. Ill be fine. I didnt go to school today. I came home, knowing nobody was in. Ive packed some food mum, and spare clothes and the money I was saving. Saving for a rainy day. It rained all day yesterday. Ironic really. Isnt it? It was the same routine every day. I was tormented every morning in the car Journey between mine and Ryans school, then every night before you came home bringing Ryan from the after school club. The trouble was that he was the perfect gentleman when other people were there. Ryan even called him dad. That disgusted me. It always sent shivers up my spine. Hes not our dad, never will be. A dad like him doesnt deserve to be one. Im sure he loves Ryan. At least he pretends to. But he never had the time for me. Do you know, Ive spent this all locked up for so long because I didnt want to hurt you. At least thats what I told myself. You would never believe me. I tried to tell you. You said it was nonsense. Are you scared of him too mum? Ive tried, for so long now, to keep it together. But now Im finally free.

Key Deer Essays - Deer, Mammals Of New Zealand, White-tailed Deer

Key Deer Essays - Deer, Mammals Of New Zealand, White-tailed Deer Key Deer The Key Deer is a small species (in population and in stature) of deer that lives in the Florida Keys. It is in the same family as the Virginia white tailed deer. The Key Deer is about 26 inches tall and weigh an average of about 55 pounds. The males have antlers, and the antlers grow in cycles. They drop their antlers at the beginning of spring, and they grow back by June. The deer feed on indigenous plants including the red mangrove, the black mangrove, and the white mangrove. The Key Deer can drink water with some salt in it, but needs fresh water to survive. Although it seems awkward, the Key Deer is a fairly good swimmer, and at times will swim from key to key. The Key Deer are endangered for two main reasons, the first and most detrimental is the loss of habitat. The Everglades has been cleared away for highways, and other commercial developments, and it has caused a huge drop in the population of Key Deer, among other animals. Another big reason why Key Deer have been disappearing are the highways in southern Florida. You have heard the expression like a deer in headlights, and it is used because when deer see headlights, it freezes. This, although it makes for a good simile, causes a lot of road kill accidents with Key Deer. The National Key Deer Refuge was opened to breed Key Deer, and since its opening, the population has increased by almost %600!!! Also, Ms. Riskin, please make sure that you do not feed any Key Deer, because it causes them to be comfortable around humans, which sounds nice, but it is part of the reason that they hang around near the highway. So, that just about sums it up; thanks for not feeding Key Deer, and keep your foot on those breaks. Bibliography Key Deer February, 2000 shadow.net/grgreen/glades/deer.html Kirkpatrick, Charles M. Deer The World Book Encyclopedia. Volume D, 1986 R., Austin. Key Deer February, 2000 miamisci.org/ecolinks/everglades/keydeerinfo.html

Avogadros Number - Example Chemistry Problem

Avogadros Number Chemistry Problem Avogadros number is used in chemistry when you need to work with very large numbers. Its the basis for the mole unit of measurement, which provides an easy way to convert between moles, mass, and the number of molecules. For example, you can use the number to find the number of water molecules in a single snowflake. (Hint: Its an enormous number!) Avogadros Number Example Problem - Number of Molecules in a Given Mass Question: How many H2O molecules are there in a snowflake weighing 1 mg? Solution: Step 1 - Determine the mass of 1 mole of H2O Snowflakes are made of water, or H2O. To obtain the mass of 1 mole of water, look up the atomic masses for hydrogen and oxygen from the Periodic Table. There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen for every H2O molecule, so the mass of H2O is: mass of H2O 2 (mass of H) mass of Omass of H2O 2 ( 1.01 g ) 16.00 gmass of H2O 2.02 g 16.00 gmass of H2O 18.02 g Step 2 - Determine the number of H2O molecules in one gram of water One mole of H2O is 6.022 x 1023 molecules of H2O (Avogadros number). This relation is then used to convert a number of H2O molecules to grams by the ratio: mass of X molecules of H2O / X molecules mass of a mole of H20 molecules / 6.022 x 1023 molecules Solve for X molecules of H2O X molecules of H2O ( 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules ) / ( mass of a mole H2O  · mass of X molecules of H2O Enter the values for the question:X molecules of H2O ( 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules ) / ( 18.02g  · 1 g )X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1022 molecules/gram There are 3.35 x 1022 H2O molecules in 1 g of H2O. Our snowflake weighs 1 mg and 1 g 1000 mg. X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1022 molecules/gram  · (1 g /1000 mg )X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1019 molecules/mg Answer There are 3.35 x 1019 H2O molecules in a 1 mg snowflake. Avogadros Number Problem Key Takeaways Avogadros number is 6.02 x 1023. It is the number of particles in a mole.You can use Avogadros number to convert between mass and the number of molecules of any pure substance.If you are given the mass of a sample (such as a snowflake), convert the mass to moles, and then use Avogadros number to convert from moles to molecules.

Horrible and Strange Practice Under the Context of Our Modern Culture Essay

Horrible and Strange Practice Under the Context of Our Modern Culture - Essay Example Initially, it would seem that suttee is such a horrible and strange practice if perceived under the context of our modern culture. However, the essence of this act bears such a close resemblance to our own values, particularly those pertaining to the level of love and piety of husbands and wives. Both cultures acknowledge the sacred union and celebrate the special bonding of couples. As mentioned, those people believe that suttee purged a couple of all accumulated sins, warranted salvation and guaranteed an afterlife reunion. In our modern culture, people believe that husbands and wives should work together to achieve their familial goals as well as enrich their spirituality. It is in this way that values of the modern and archaic cultures converge. It is in the â€Å"Til-Death-Do-Us-Part† concept that the two cultures differ. We believe that couples, those who enter into marriage at least, should stay together in sickness and in health, for richer or poorer. However, in the e vent that one of them dies, the marriage ties are severed. This means the church and the state grant the other the freedom to marry again. On the contrary, selected Hindu cultures practising suttee deem that the union of a husband and a wife does not end in death (of the man) and goes beyond the present life. This stems from the Hindu belief of the after-life. On the given scale, I believe that I fall on 3. I think that diversity of cultures should be respected. People should show consideration for the culture and customs of others. This is tantamount to upholding their inherent right as a people to practice their customs and nourish their culture no matter how different these are from our own.

How to Break Up and Remain Friends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Break Up and Remain Friends - Essay Example True, it might hurt initially but the break up could be beneficial for the couple. First, they no longer remain in a non-workable relationship and the separation gives them space to mature and to find partners that they could really be happy with. For good or for ill, the other person had a part of one’s life and it is much better to remain friends than keep the pain of the break-up. Yes it is easier said than done. Especially if the break up was just recent. Sometimes, the other party wronged the other party that led to the break-up that remaining friends would be quite impossible. Yet, despite all these difficulty in remaining friends with exes, relationship experts unaninomously agree that it is still healthier to remain friends with exes than totally severe the relationship. First, it displays maturity on both party and second, it allows both party to move on smoothly. There are few tips that were given which this paper would attempt to consolidate for brevity. According t o Molly Mann, both party has to set their expectations right so that remaining friends with a former lover would still be possible. Foremost, â€Å"do not expect to be friends all at once† (2009). ... Think about this, if the other person did not get hurt with the break up, then the relationship might not have meant anything. The pain is only a manifestation how valuable the relationship were which is why partners are grieving. If the other party is not yet ready, do not rush. When the time has already come that the two of you are already ready to face each other and talk, this would be the ideal time to sort things out if there are still unresolved issues. If the air is already clear, it would be first comfortable to talk about neutral topics than jumping right away in the topic that the two of you wanted to become friends right away (Chenoweth, 2011). It might make the other party or both parties awkward that would make future attempts more difficult. Treat the ex just like a normal friend and be relaxed (Chenoweth, 2011). Zara Hughes made a caveat in extending the olive branch of friendship. Make sure that the both of you have established boundaries in the new structure of your relationship that it is strictly platonic. Be aware not to engage in sweet things that the two of you used to do such as touching, flirting and of course, kissing. It will only make things more difficult because the two of you will be back where you started (Chenoweth, 2011). In the same manner that you keep your body language platonic and neutral, also make conscious check not to talk about the emotional details of your relationship. Nor the reason of its break up or what could have beens. Talking about it would be tantamount to fix the relationship with a subconscious hope for the two of you to be back again. Once that happened, you two are again back from where you started and will undergo again the harrowing feeling of break up and re-establishing friendship. If

Importance of Loyalty in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Loyalty in The Epic of Gilgamesh The ancient Mesopotamian writing, The Epic of Gilgamesh, gives readers insight into the traditions and customs of the people who wrote it. Like all epics, The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of a heroic national figure: this epic gives the story of the life of Gilgamesh from his birth as two-thirds god, one-third man to his death. Throughout the epic the importance of loyalty is addressed. In The Epic of Gilgamesh readers see that loyalty is the most important aspect of a Mesopotamian relationship and that there are always consequences for violating trust. Insight into loyalty and the consequences of violating loyalty is first along with the civilization of Enkidu. Before his civilization "Enkidu ate grass in the hills with the gazelle and lurked with the wild beasts; he had joy of water with the heads of wild game" (63). Not only did Enkidu live with the animals of the hills "he helps the wild game to escape; he fills in my pits and pulls up my traps" (64). The animals of the hills trusted Enkidu. No other man would be allowed to run with these animals, but they accepted Enkidu. The young trapper became displeased with the actions of Enkidu. The trapper journeys to Uruk to seek advice from Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh advises the trapper to "go back, take with you a child of pleasure. At the drinking-hole she will strip, and when he sees her beckoning he will embrace her and the game of the wilderness will surely reject him" (64). This passage demonstrates the known consequences of violating a loyalty. Gilgamesh knows that Enkidu will not be able to resist the temptation of a woman. The animals of the hills distrust humans and by being with a woman Enkidu will violate the trust of the animals. The trapper takes a harlot and returns the fields. Gilgamesh's plan works well: "As he lay on her murmuring love she taught him the woman's art. For six days and seven nights they lay together, for Enkidu had forgotten his home in the hills; but when he was satisfied he went back to the wild beasts. Then when the gazelle saw him, they bolted away" (65). Just as Gilgamesh had predicted Enkidu gave into human desire and became civil. The animals were betrayed and no longer accepted Enkidu as of their own.

How Women Are Portrayed in Media Essay

Common female stereotypes found in the media have a powerful influence over how society views women and how women view themselves. What is the media portrayal of women today and how does this impact how young girls perceive themselves? With programs such as The Bachelor and Flavor of Love showing a dozen women competing for the attention of one man, often using their sexuality, magazine ads displaying a half-naked female body to sell a fragrance or cosmetic product, and television commercials highlighting a woman’s thigh and butt to sell sneakers, it may be difficult for society not to be influenced by the overwhelming message to objectify women. Negative Female Stereotypes Female stereotypes in the media tend to undervalue women as a whole, and diminish them to sexual objects and passive human beings. According to research done by Children Now, a national organization trying to make children a public priority, 38% of female characters found in video games are wearing revealing clothing, 23% are showing cleavage. Magazine ads show a dismembered female body, with parts, instead of the whole, a practice that according to media activist, Jean Kilbourne, turns women into objects. Disney movies, from Beauty and The Beast to Aladdin show slender, unrealistically curvaceous, and quite vulnerable young women, who are dependent on male figures for strength and survival, not their own sense of empowerment. Media stereotyping of women as objects and helpless beings creates very low expectation for society’s girls. When a woman is in a position of power, such as the rare female boss portrayed in The Proposal with Sandra Bullock, or Disclosure with Demi Moore, she tends to be a cold-hearted, detached career woman with sociopathic tendencies. This sends the message that a powerful woman sacrifices a healthy relationship, family, and possibly even her sanity to be extremely successful at her career. For the young girl who dreams to run a company, or become a famous journalist, astronaut, or scientist, the media does not provide enough models for her to look to for encouragement and inspiration. Positive Female Stereotypes Despite the many negative female stereotypes found in movies, television, and advertisements, there are positive examples of intelligent, empowered young girls and women as well. These characters can serve as role models for girls  who are looking for female characters to exemplify. Lisa Simpson from the popular cartoon sitcom, The Simpsons is a classic example of a positive female stereotype. An intelligent and gifted girl, this character thinks for herself and sticks to her ideals, traits that young girls should be able to find in the media. In the TV series Doctor Who, The Eleventh Doctor is accompanied by two female characters, Amy Pond and River Song, through space and time. They portray themselves as highly intelligent and display emotionally strong traits such as the ability to overcome traumatic events, strong sense of self-preservation, resourcefulness and faith in their own strength. Dora the Explorer is an inquisitive, adventurous young seven-year old girl, who is not only a positive female character, but one of the few minority heroes or heroines of children’s television. A conscious effort on the part of the media can offer much to the dreams and self-worth of society’s girls How the Media’s Portrayal of Women Impacts Girls The media’s portrayal of women affects the self-image of girls dramatically. Concepts of beauty and personality are found in movies, magazines, and video games; as long as there are enough positive examples, young girls can be free to be themselves. When there are not, the pressure is to be thin, physically attractive, and pleasing in order to be likable and popular. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, studies have found that the media’s focus on body image and submissive female stereotypes has affected children’s thinking. For example, in television comedies it was found that thin women were both praised more and less likely to be made fun of by male characters. In commercials directed at young girls, half mentioned physical attractiveness. As a result of these and other similar trends, both boys and girls describe female characters as â€Å"domestic, interested in boys, and concerned with appearances.† Both young girls and teenagers are increasingly concerned with their weight and unhappy with their bodies. Stereotypes in the media inevitably affect our culture, especially the young. As Susan Fiske, professor of Psychology at Princeton University and researcher of stereotyping and discrimination, says, â€Å"stereotyping exerts control or power over people, pressuring them to conform; therefore, stereotyping maintains the status quo.† To help combat the influence of negative female stereotypes in the media, and therefore  help not only girls, but all of society transcend these limiting expectations, it is important to expose our children to positive role models and to let young girls know just how amazing they are and always will be. Sources: â€Å"Media and Girls.† (Media Awareness Network). â€Å"Sex and Relationships in the Media.† (Media Awareness Network). Durik, Amanda and Janet Shibley Hyde. â€Å"Psychology of Women and Gender in the 21st Century.† (University of Wisconsin). â€Å"Media’s Effect on Girls: Body Image and Gender Identity.† (National Institute on Media and the Family). The role of media is crucial to the issue of violence against women, both in terms of how media cover (and often distort) the issue, and how media may be used as a tool to help activists and governments raise awareness and implement programs on this issue, according to Rina Jimenez David, a long-time journalist and women’s rights activist from the Philippines. Rina, who was interviewed by Marà ­a Suà ¡rez on FIRE’s first Internet Broadcast at the Beijing +5 women’s conference in New York writes a column called â€Å"At Large† for the Philippine Daily Inquirer, and is an activist and national chair of a women’s political p arty called â€Å"Philipinas Advance.† â€Å"Many women have said that the media coverage (of rape or other violence) was like a second assault all over again, because of their insensitivity in using pictures, publishing names, and other violations of privacy,† said Rina. â€Å"And the way they portray violence reinforces stereotypes, when they focus on the appearance of the victims, especially if they are young, attractive, or are questioning the way they were dressed.† FIRE is producing live daily Webcasts June 4-9 in New York during the UN Special Session of the Beijing +5 Conference on Women, which has attracted over 10,000 women activists, journalists and government delegates. The daily programs in Spanish and English focus on the role of media in relation to each of the 12 critical areas of concern of the Beijing Platform for Action. The first program focused on violence against women. In addition to describing how media tend to portray women who are victims of violence, Rina talked about her efforts as an activist to raise awareness of this issue among journalists, especially those of the younger generation. Specifically, Rina described a series of workshops conducted by the Center for Media Freedom and  Responsibility in the Philippines. The 3-day session included a gender sensitivity workshop, and also talks by women activists on issues of concern to women, including one by Rina about violence against women. â€Å"I believe we really reached about 400 journalists,† said Rina, â€Å"because at the end we asked them about the impact, and the men especially had their eyes opened to the situation of women, and said they were going to try and be more sensitive.† Rina noted that the young journalists seemed to be the most receptive to these ideas. During the live FIRE Webcast, Rina also noted how critical it was to have violence against women recognized as a violation of women’s human rights at the U.N. World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna in 1993. The Beijing Platform for Action, now being discussed at the Special Session of the UN General Assembly recognizes more forms of violence. â€Å"In the past it was only military rape and state torture (that were recognized), whereas the Beijing Platform for Action was a landmark by including domestic violence, rape, and sexual harassment.† Before 1995, such violations against women â€Å"were often not recognized due to culture or tradition.† Rina described new laws and actions related to violence against women in countries in the Asian Pacific region, which have been enacted since the IV World Conference on Women in Beijing 1995, when governments committed themselves to implementing the Platform for Action . For example, in Japan, there was not even a term for â€Å"sexual harassment† in the language, whereas recently legislation was passed there to prohibit this violation of women’s human rights. Likewise, Rina noted that in the Philippines there is a new sexual harassment law, although it is somewhat narrow, and a domestic violence bill is pending in Parliament. Rina noted that a big accomplishment of the UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna in 1993 was to have â€Å"fundamental rights† of a person recognized, regardless of country or culture, which opened the door for the recognition of women’s rights as universal human rights. â€Å"It was only recently those women’s rights as human rights were recognized,† said Rina, whereas in the past many of these rights such as violence against women â€Å"were violated with impunity under the guise of culture and religion.† Women in media in the Philippines: from stereotype to liberation. Abstract PIP: The success of women in the Philippine print and electronic media is contrasted with the negative image in which they are presented in mass media such as television, radio, comics, tabloids and magazines. Philippine women began entering journalism early in the century, becoming established in the female oriented press by the 1960s. As the repression of the Marcos regime intensified, women journalists excelled in writing vanguard pieces, using allusion, allegory, indirection or metaphor, interviewing prisoners, founding alternative newspapers and even initiating the successful boycott of the 3 major crony papers when Aquino was killed. The participation of women in television journalism is parallel, but more limited due to the nature of the medium. Women’s cultural role as multi-track organizers of family, finance and work is credited for this success. Dozens of names with titles and paper names are cited, as well as tabulated in an appendix. In contrast, women’s image in the popular publications and electronic media is that of sex object, victim, ideal submissive wife-mother, or gracious lady shows little evidence of improving. This deleterious, backward and inaccurate image is likely due to all-male ownership, management and profit motive of these popular, vernacular mass media. — The pressure on women to look and behave in certain ways is deeply ingrained into our culture. It is often easy to overlook the impact that culture has on how we feel about ourselves and bodies. Watching TV, reading magazines, newspapers, or surfing the internet it is all we see are airbrushed images of perfect bodies of women. Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women and their body parts sell everything from food to cars. As humans we absorb relentless message that beauty is the norm and the standards of beauty are being imposed on women. April 30, Monday — â€Å"Muslim Women in the New York Times 1980-2011: Liberalism, Feminism and Racism,† is a conference looking at examples of articles, photography and headlines in The New York Times that portray Muslim women in stereotypical and negative ways. Research will be presented by professors, doctoral students and recent graduates of the University of California, Davis. A complete conference schedule is available at:  http://sjoseph.ucdavis.edu/media-project/muslim-women-in-the-new-york-times-1980-2011-liberalism-feminism-and-racism. This event is free and open to the public. UC Davis Conference Center, Ballroom A (across from the Mondavi Center) on the UC Davis campus. Suad Joseph, founding director of the UC Davis Middle East/South Asia Studies Program and a professor of anthropology and women and gender studies, graduate students and recent graduates counted by hand and used computer-generated word counts of key words used in articles about Arab and Muslim Americans. They found systematic misrepresentation of Arabs, Arab Americans, Muslim Americans and Islam. The misrepresentation focused on Muslim women and the â€Å"veil.† The conference is co-sponsored by the UC Davis Department of Anthropology, Middle East/South Asia Studies Program and the Women and Gender Studies Program. The project is funded by the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society, UC Berkeley. The center was founded in 2001 to better apply technologies to research throughout the UC system. Funding also was provided by the University of California Center for New Racial Studies (a multicampus, interdisciplinary program). The portrayal of women in Asian scary movies — The shift away from the â€Å"submissive, helpless, damsel in distress† character in scary movies is beginning to take place across the globe as well. Trencansky talks about how women are beginning to be portrayed as stronger more dominant characters that aggressively fight against whoever is haunting them instead of waiting for a man to save her. Two Asian movies, Shutter (which was adapted into an American film) and Alone embody dominant female characters, just like in Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street. Shutter was about a couple who notice that strange images keep appearing in the pictures that they take; the main female character determinedly goes on a discovery to find out what these strange images mean and comes to discover that it is actually the image of a ghost. After a lot of digging, she finds out that the ghost who is haunting them is a girl that her husband and some of his friends had harassed and murdered a few years ago. This woman is a portrayal of the â€Å"Final Girl† who actively solves the problem and prevents  this ghost from further haunting them. She is clearly a female who has â€Å"refused her assigned subordinate role† (68) by leaving her husband after she realizes what he has done and he is sent away to a mental institute. The woman who is haunting them, however, embodies a more submissive role as she is subject to harassment by three strong men. She comes back to haunt them because of this, proving that ghosts are psychologically disturbed. Women and the media in South Asia. Abstract PIP: This article gives a brief overview of women’s access to journalism and communication training, status of women in the media, their needs for development of skills, and portrayal of women in the media, in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. 5 authors from those countries contributed sections subdivided into each of these subheadings. In India, women have access to training, but their positions in the media are limited. They are often falsely stereotyped, sensationalized or exploited, or totally absent. In Sri Lanka, however, women are closer to being equal to men, in terms of training, hiring and employment, although they tend to work in women’s periodicals. Women are shown in most of the advertisements, and are generally portrayed as perpetually in pursuit of glamour, food, clothes and cosmetics. Media in Nepal are comparatively new; for example, television is only 1 year old. Therefore, opportunities for women are few, and men dominate the hierarchy. Women are portrayed in the media negatively or sensationally, and used extensively in commercials. Women’s position in Pakistan is limited in the cities by purdah and in rural areas by the feudal heritage, in which women are chattel. A minority of women are enrolled in journalism schools employed in the media: those are excelling. Women are often idealized, abused or caricatured as interested only in consumption. Women have recently entered the journalism profession in Bangladesh, now totalling 24 women. Mores do not permit women to work at night or on outside assignments. The media are liberal in Bangladesh, airing news about dowry abuse and female oppression openly. In most of the countries, women tend to work only until marriage, or afterward are limited by domestic duties. — The Unrealistic Portrayal of Women in the Media: Beauty and Body There are many levels of influence in our society and media plays a major role in dispensing influential images to us. Media comes in many forms, television, radio, newspapers, movies, and advertisements. The media is so intertwined in our lives that we do not truly comprehend on a conscious level how much influence it really has over us. Some of the images and messages we see and hear can be both positive and negative. More often than not, we are exposed to images that are so unrealistic and unattainable by the average person that we become discontented with our lives and ourselves. Images of luxury homes, cars, glamorous clothes, and glamorous body images make us more self-conscious of how we live and how we look. Based on the above observations and the information I have researched on this topic, the media has an incredible influence over the perceptions we have of ourselves. Historically, women have been more susceptible to stereotyping and marginalization than men. The history o f a woman’s ‘usefulness’ basically began with being a sexual plaything, a mother, and a caretaker. Prior to the 20th century, men saw women as people without a voice, caretakers of the family, or just objects of sexual desire. Although we have recognized the many talents of women through the decades of the past century, we still have much further to evolve in our thinking. I believe most women would like to be thought of as equals in our society, but we are too preoccupied with them being sexual objects. Advertisements have women selling everything from food to cars. We continue to see that women are the focus of most advertisements and the biggest selling point for the product being sold. At the same time, men continue to be the strong, handsome leader in both our families and our society as portrayed in the media images. Although there have been many strides, the stereotypes have remained consistent whereas the women are the sexual objects and the men are the decision makers in our society. There has been a consistent theme throughout the centuries where women have been thought of as the ‘lesser’ sex. They have always been thought to have lesser intelligence than men do. It was only in the early 1900’s that women were able to have a voice in our political elections with the right to vote. Unfortunately, the marginalization of women continues but is being exploited through a different venue – the media. The images portrayed in the past 30  years especially have been promoting the use of diets, exercise, and cosmetics for women to look and feel young. Aging, especially for women, has become a negative in our society. The media has perpetuated a society of unattainable goals for most women. The media industry as a whole is a multibillion dollar industry, and the fact that women are constantly being told that they need to look better, feeds into the bottom line of these industries selling the perfect image. It is a lose-lose situation for the American female. While women spend endless dollars on trying to perfect themselves, the companies that create the fantasy of the ideal female body, just keep getting richer. I believe women should be accepted for whom and what they are without trying to fit into some ideal that a male dominated corporation has created to expand their profit margins. Unfortunately, we as a society have bought into what the media have been selling and there seems to be no turning back. By focusing on the issues that have arisen from these media images and damage it has caused our female population, in particular our youth, it helps us learn about ourselves as a society and as a human race. This helps us to understand our expectations for one another, in a society where looks and image have become the most important part of the human existence. In learning about ourselves and examining these expectations, we examine the flaws within the society we have developed. We are all responsible for the effect that the media has on our young people, because not enough is being done to deter the false images that are being portrayed. Women more often than men are expected to live up to these media images of perfection. There are more diet ads for women than men both on television and in magazines. Celebrities are even contributing to the false images we see and hear by participating in makeup and diet advertising. We need to be more aware of the media messages being absorbed by our society with regard to body image. Unfortunately, as long as people are buying, the corporations will continue to sell their ideal body images to the public. We need to take a hard look at the fact that we, as a society, are enabling these corporations to dictate the ideal female image by buying into their perceptions. This leads to a female youth that is dissatisfied with her body, has low self-esteem, and in some cases develop eating disorders. We continue to walk a very dangerous path in our culture, where the female youth are the most vulnerable in defining their self-image and self-worth. These images of thinness continue to represent what the masses prefer to see when viewing television and magazine advertisements. This is what the advertisers claim sells products and so far it seems to work. If we could start thinking about what is reality as a collective society, then maybe we can also accept that reality without constantly trying to change it. These types of media images only perpetuate more insecurity as opposed to positive images about oneself. We need to accept people for how they look, no matter what they look like without trying to live up to some unrealistic image in the media. — Portrayal or Betrayal? How the media depicts women and girls NEW YORK – When Jan Floyd-Douglass decided to buy a new car, she bypassed suitable models from many different companies – and then wrote to tell them why. â€Å"I wrote to eight manufacturers saying, ‘I love your car but I didn’t buy it because I don’t like your advertisements because they demean women,'† said Ms. Floyd-Douglass. She told the story during a panel discussion titled â€Å"Portrayal or Betrayal: How the Media Depicts Women and Girls,† which was held 3 March 2010 at the UN offices of the Bahà ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ­ International Community. The event was one of dozens of side events planned in conjunction with the annual session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, held 1-12 March 2010, which this year examined progress made for women since the 1995 Beijing conference. As a contribution to this theme, the panel sought to consider how images in the media – whether television, movies, or advertising – affect the way women are perceived and treated. Ms. Floyd-Douglass was joined by Michael Karlberg, an associate professor of communications at Western Washington University, and Sarah Kasule of the Mother’s Union in Uganda. The panel was moderated by Baroness Joyce Could, chair of the UK Women’s National Commission. Baroness Gould opened by noting that several recent studies have shown that images that objectify or demean women are now more widely used in the media than ever. Moreover, she said, those studies show that such â€Å"sexualized† images have an unhealthy impact on the psychological development of young girls – and on young boys. â€Å"It gives a very disturbing perception to girls and young women,† she said. â€Å"For girls, it is about being told they need to be more attractive to men. And for boys, it is about looking upon girls as sexual objects.† Dr. Karlberg  said this trend in the media is a result of both individual choices and institutional forces. â€Å"On one hand,† he said, â€Å"people everywhere are choosing to consume media that feeds base appetites that we have inherited from our animal nature. On the other hand, media institutions have been constructed in ways that purposefully stimulate, reinforce, and exploit these base appetites.† The result, he said, is a â€Å"feedback cycle† that has created a media environment that is â€Å"unjust, unhealthy, and unsustainable.† Dr. Karlberg said efforts to address the problem must consider the structure of media institutions. â€Å"The assumption is that the media is just another commodity,† he said. â€Å"But the media is not just another commodity. It is a process that facilitates democratic deliberations. It is a process that creates culture.† Part of the problem, he said, is that the media’s real product is not content but the delivery of an audience to advertisers. The result is that the media strives to manufacture audiences in the cheapest way possible. Media junk food â€Å"The cheapest way to manufacture audience is through a high sex, high violence, high conflict content. It doesn’t take talent or research or investigative journalism. Yet it stimulates the appetites, much the same way that a high salt, high sugar, and high fat junk food diet does.† Dr. Karlberg, who is a Bahà ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ­, also discussed efforts the Bahà ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ­ community has undertaken to offer moral education for children and young people, which he said can help to counter the ill effects of exposure to sexualized or violent images. â€Å"Bahà ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ­s, like people everywhere, are struggling to raise and educate children,† he said. â€Å"They are trying to do this in a way that cultivates their inherent nobility, that releases their spiritual potential, and that helps them recognize the deep sources of purpose, meaning, and happiness in life. â€Å"Such spiritual education can be a very important factor in making children less susceptible to messages in their media environment. It is also a very important factor in making children more likely to make thoughtful choices about media consumption as they grow older,† said Dr. Karlberg. Ms. Floyd-Douglass said she considered her effort to write to various automobile manufacturers that use sexualized images of women in their advertising as one among many weapons in the battle against the problem of such images. Like the other panellists, she noted that such  images are so commonplace as to seem innocuous. Parents, she said, should explain the existence of such images to their children – and make efforts to counter their harmful effects. â€Å"We have to question stereotypes in the media. We have to laugh at them. â€Å"My message is, if we don’t actually do anything about this, we are complicit in it,† she said. Ms. Kasule said the problem is not confined to western countries. â€Å"In the African context, much of the time, the way women are depicted in the media is quite negative,† she said. â€Å"They are depicted as symbols of sex. Or as something to do with making men comfortable, or giving care.† There are some counter trends to the problem, she added. She described a national television project in Uganda that gives free air time for women to talk about things that matter to them and noted that educational levels for women and girls are rising. â€Å"There are many programs for girls to read and write. This is important because they will be able to access information, to access media reports, and then they can respond,† said Ms. Kasule. Media Portrayal of Women is Harmful BY CAITLIN CARTER The media’s portrayal of women and men is harmful to everyone, and college students are not exempt. Women are the more obvious victims of the misuse of sexuality. Advertisements on television, the Internet, and in magazines all over America use female sexuality to sell their products. Breasts, legs, and alluring faces sell beer, furniture, energy drinks, and even the woman’s sexuality itself. Women in sitcoms and reality television shows, such as â€Å"America’s Next Top Model,† represent a body type that very few women possess. According to the documentary â€Å"Killing Us Softly,† the average person spends three years of their life watching television commercials. Still, many people view themselves as unaffected. We see the effects every day. Recently, Nickelodeon’s Dora the Explorer underwent a â€Å"makeover,† from average child to sexed-up preteen. Have you noticed that within our lifetime, music videos have become more and more like cheap porn? Young adults reading Cosmopolitan or Seventeen may think they’re just learning about work-outs and skin care, but the subliminal message remains: meet this standard, or constantly be less than what you should be. This urgency is clearly evident in the ever-rising rates of eating disorders, and the level  of naivety and interest in them. Tons of feminists give lectures, write books, and make movies on the effect of female sexuality on women, but the topic of how the male sex in the media effects men is often blatantly ignored. Of course, the presence of women in the media is dominant, but this does not mean that sexualized men do not exist, nor that men don’t feel the pressure. Ever heard a friend voice a deep concern over his scrawniness? Have you been to Goolrick and seen the hordes of men lifting weights on any given day? Men see the huge Abercrombie ads, with almost naked, sweaty, built men – and they also see women drooling over them; just as women see men with Sports Illustrated calendars. As college students, many feel the pressure to look better than their best every time they go out on the weekend, and even when they’re only going to class, or to the Nest for a late-night snack. Although the media seems to be spiralling out of control, there is one thing that we can control: how much we internalize the messages it feeds us. Generate conversations with your family, your friends, co-workers or classmates. By simply raising the awareness of ourselves and others, we can realize that the image of the â€Å"ideal† woman or man is nearly impossible to achieve. If no one is immune to this never-ending craze for perfection and if everyone feels the pressures and angst to fit the desired role, is it really right for us to judge one another on the very issues we worry about ourselves? We can build each other up higher than these images can tear us down- a compliment goes a long way. Caitlin Carter is a junior. — Women And Negative Stereotypes: An End Before A Start By Divya Bhargava 06 July, 2009 Countercurrents.org We may be reluctant to believe that discrimination against individuals because of their sex, race, age, sexual orientation or health status still exist in institutions in most countries. We also may not want to accept the fact that sexual violence is common in all culture, that women are victims of rape, battering and sexual harassment each day, despite legislation  prohibiting such violence, common policing, workplace policies, counselling and training programs exist. Yet this is the reality for most women. The fact that individuals are likely to think of man when they hear a word surgeon illustrates how we all hold beliefs, attitudes, the stereotype that influence our perception of the world around us. Which sex do you associate with elementary school teacher? With model? With engineer? Most individuals still indicates that elementary school teachers are female, models are female, and engineers are male. Individuals also mark the occupation if they believe the sex of the person performing this job is typical. Stereotypes refer to individuals cognitions that typically do not correspond to reality. A stereotype is a picture in the head not an accurate mirror of the real world. Stereotypes occur when individuals are classifieds by others as having something in common because they are members of a particular group or category of people. Gender stereotypes are a psychological process which illustrates structured sets of beliefs about the personal attributes of men and women. An awareness of the contents of gender role stereotypes begins in the preschool years and is rather well-developed by the time children enter first grade. Parents are among the more important socializing agents for children in shaping values, beliefs and behaviours related to gender. Furthermore knowing the sex of the baby conjures up all kinds of personality characteristics and physical attributes even when these factors are not present in the child. Parents communicate their stereotypes to children in numerous ways. Boys are given building blocks, sports equipment and model vehicles. Girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls, dolls houses and miniature household appliances. Cultural images of women:- Culture ideas, symbols, norms and values play a significant role in the creation of women images and the differentiation of gender roles. The purpose of the present article is to understand the images of femininity in Indian society from ancient to modern times. India, a heterogeneous society, presents conflicting women images. The normative model image of Indian womanhood has displayed remarkable consistency. Images of women have not remained static and have undergone numerous changes. However, certain basic models have widespread acceptance. Various cultural images of women:- Pativrata- unconditional devotion to husband, Glorified Motherhood, Bharat  Mata Image. First at the societal plane, the perception of different categories of women is distinctly shaped/conditioned by the popularly accepted female images/stereotypes. Secondly, at the interpersonal level within the family situation, these images frequently impinge in a variety of ways. Indian girls grow up with deep rooted sense of fear and insecurity which not only restricts their social mobility in the mundane day to day life but also often psychologically cripples them to face the hardships of life in general and resist gender based discrimination in particular. These gender dichotomies, flowing almost directly from the popular images fostered most significantly, these images in most Indian families. Thirdly, and perhaps most significantly, these images leave a deep imprint upon women’s self-perception. Women in Advertisement:- Advertising has been a prime target of attack and scrutiny. The basic explanation for the critical focus on sex role portrayal in advertising lies in the close relationship, which exists between advertising, the consumer goods industry and the crucial economic role of women as consumers. Generally it is shown in advertisement a woman’s goal in life is to attract and attain a man:-women are shown in advertising as always young and attractive. They are frequently depicted as sexual objects. Women in advertisements are restricted to the home and isolated from other women outside home, man is her favourite companion. Domesticity is the second role of two dimensional image of femininity in advertising. Sex Stereotyping in the Media:- Far more dangerous than the overtly obscene advertisements are the sexual stereotypes that are found in different media. The Indian version of sex stereotyping would have all women behaving like mythological sita and savitri- docile, submissive, sacrificing, sentimental, superstitious, and incapable of rational action, their primary duty being wives, companions and devoted mothers. Films are the largest disseminators of stereotyped images. They have a package formula for women: the latter are shown as traditional, truly Indian women, who are devoted, son producing wives etc. so far women’s protests and criticisms have not had much effect on the commercial Hindi film industry. Television also perpetuates sex stereotypes. In it’s a  woman’s world all that has happened is that the traditional sitas and savitris have given way gracefully to an alien creature who is new role model for the Indian woman who has the best of both worlds, is economically independent, progressive, ambitious and very very feminine. What is being peddled here is grotesque caricatured western lifestyle which is quite far removed from the average Indian woman’s struggle to survive totally negating and never questioning her reality. Even though 60% of women are involved in agriculture, radio programmes for the rural areas are only directed to men. Women’s programmes almost never discuss technology, banking facilities, new laws or any such issues. Consequences of Negative Stereotype and sexism for the individual:- Society suppresses the choices of males and females through cultural tyranny. The socialization process forces males and females into behavioural modes, personality characteristics, and occupational roles deemed appropriate by society. Most important, these constraints bring about system that is biased in favour of males. Men have the opportunity to develop their talents while women may only within a severely limited range. The consequences are as follows:- Relative Powerlessness of Women, Limited Range of Occupations for Women, Loss of Academic Potential for Women, Lack of Respect for Women’s Abilities, Low Self-esteem among Women, Trials of the Aging Women. Women Studies:- Research interests in women have not only gained momentum since, 1970, but the stance and areas of researches have also significantly changed. Women’s position has worsened considerably in almost every sphere with the exception of some gains in education and employment for middle class women. What is worst, there has been growing violence against women. Women’s studies can be classified into 5 broad categories:- Studies on Women’s Problems, Studies on Changing Status of Women, Studies on Different Aspects of Women’s Life, Studies on Women’s Organization and Movements in India, Studies on Conceptual, Ideological and Methodological Issue Involved in Research on Women. Given the various waves of women’s studies, it would be in order to demonstrate the specific concerned of researchers in social, economic and political dimensions. In the social dimension, a large numbers of factors  were emphasized as the cause of women’s subordination a nd low status in society. The marriage and family found utmost attention, for; the private sphere has been considered as one of the root causes of women’s problems. The abhorrent customs that attracted attention of scholars are infanticide, prostitution, purdah, dowry and divorce. These studies examined the legislations made towards eradication of these evils and highlighted their shortcomings in tackling the problems. Education of women is another popular theme, studies directed towards the status of rural women’s education- both formal and non-formal, revealed very disturbing trends. The illiteracy is more rampant among women than among men. The women have been prey to various constraints in pursuing their education, for, many girls act as surrogate mothers, share household responsibilities at an early age, assume other sex roles, and confront parent’s apathy or reluctance resulting in drop out of many girls from schools. While it was expected that education will give more employment to women, it is creating more unemployment among married women graduates as compared to women as a whole. Without providing any alternative, women’s education was found eroding the traditional parental ties. Health problems of women are another area which attracted attention of scholars. The studies reported the poor health condition of women due to poor access to health services and lack of nutritional diet. In the economic dimension, three themes have attracted attention of scholars; women’s employment, their participation in development, and impact of technology on them. In the political dimension it has been summarized that women suffer from powerlessness. Women laws in India:- 1. Constitution of India 1950 2. Penal Laws 3. Family Laws 4. Labour Laws 5. Human Rights and Women Legal Aid 6. Domestic Violence Act 2005 7. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956 8. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 9. Hindu Succession Act 1956 and Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 10. Special Marriage Act 1955 11. Child Marriage Act 1929 12. Hindu’s Widow Remarriage Act 1865 13. Custody of child- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws 14. Adoption of child- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws 15. Maintence- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws 16. Guardianship- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws Conclusion:- In summary, then, the preceding analysis of some of the selected socio-demographic, legal, educational, economic, political and socio-cultural indicators on the situation of women reveals that even after four decades of assiduous effort women’s condition continues to be miserable and they still confront immense problems in all these domains of life. However, recent international and national spectacular developments have turned the attitude of society towards women and women’s perception of their own situation. Consequent upon these efforts and development, a spate of women’s studies in different directions were made which inter alia raised new question on Women Question. References:- Studies By:- 1 .Ashmore, 1998 2. Deaux and Kite, 1993 3. Doyle and Paludi, 1998 4. Heyman and Legare, 2004 5. Indian Past, 10.7.1988 6. Forum Against Oppression Of Women In The Media Committee, New Delhi 7. Women’s Organization In Bombay (1985), Patna Conference (1988) 8. Krithi (1985) 9. Bhasin K. and Agarwal B. eds. 1984 10. Quotation in the Feminine Gender by Bibekananda Das and L.N. Dash (pg. 154-159) 11. Neera Desai – Women Studies in India Divya Bhargava is a law student in Bangalore

Career Development Plan Summary - 2267 Words

Career Development Plan Summary University of Phoenix Today’s economy demands that employers face the challenges that are associated with the economy, internal budget pressures, and a highly competitive business environment. Kudler Fine Foods is owned and operated by Kathy Kudler. She currently manages the business by herself which includes staffing, ordering of merchandise, marketing, and personalized customer service. With visions of growing the business, Kathy is stretched to the extreme and needs assistance with the leadership roles necessary to successfully operate and mature the business. Even though Kathy has managers and assistant managers in each store, she needs a team that can not only relieve her of some of her duties, but†¦show more content†¦Works closely with marketing and sales team to ensure customer satisfaction. Entry level position, but prefes some customer service representative experience. 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